Abstract: A method of forming a three-dimensional (3D) pattern or article comprises: (1) selecting a first composition to be printed with a nozzle of an apparatus; (II) identifying desired characteristics of a pattern or layer (“pattern/layer”) to be formed by printing the first composition; (Ill) determining dimensional differences between the desired characteristics of the pattern/layer and predicted characteristics of the pattern/layer based on computational simulation modeling, or determining dimensional differences between the desired characteristics of the pattern/layer and actual characteristics of a trial layer, based on a flow rate of the first composition, a speed of a substrate and/or the nozzle, and the desired characteristics of the pattern/layer; and (IV) printing the first composition with the nozzle on the substrate to form the pattern/layer. The method comprises, during (IV) printing, (V) implementing a correction signal to adjust a flow rate of the first composition.