Abstract: A process for recovery of organic oils and residues in association with inorganic solids by solvent extraction and for the recovery of solvent used for the extraction. The organic solvent extracted inorganic solids having remaining associated organic solvent is fluidized in a bed with fluidizing gas comprising superheated vapor of the organic solvent vaporizing and removing a substantial portion of the associated organic solvent. Then the solids are countercurrently contacted with a combustion gas stream at a lower temperature than the solids physically stripping a substantial portion of the residual solvent from the solids, the combustion gas stream being enhanced for combustion by comprising stripped organic solvent and by being heated.

Abstract: An energy efficient process for beneficiating and dewatering high water content carbonaceous materials utilizing a pneumatic stream to entrain, transport, dewater and to carbonize organic carbonaceous material in a fluidized bed. The process utilizes physical separation for principal removal of moisture and reduces contact between organic carbonaceous matter and hot process water, thereby retaining a high organic content in the product fuel. The organic carbonaceous materials are chemically beneficiated during carbonization in a fluidized bed contactor. Heat exchange and heat recovery procedures provide an economical, energy efficient process.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for production of synthetic hydrocarbon fuels from peat providing wide variation of the composite proportion of liquid-gas output while maintaining high overall carbon conversion to useful fuel. The process and apparatus utilizes three process stages in a single vessel providing functions of drying wet peat, provisions for addition of both wet and dry peat to a hydropyrolysis zone and gasification of the peat char.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for production of synthetic hydrocarbon fuels from peat providing wide variation of the composite proportion of liquid-gas output while maintaining high overall carbon conversion to useful fuel. The process and apparatus utilizes three process stages in a single vessel providing functions of drying wet peat, provisions for addition of both wet and dry peat to a hydropyrolysis zone and gasification of the peat char.

Abstract: Water is removed from a hydrocarbonaceous solid such as peat by contacting the solid with a liquid solvent relatively free of moisture such as benzene or toluene at elevated temperatures, i.e. 200.degree.-600.degree. F. and preferably at elevated pressures to prevent excessive volatilization, i.e. pressures of about 1 to about 100 atmospheres, to transfer at least a portion of the moisture in the solid to the solvent. The solvent is further characterized by its relative inability to dissolve appreciable amounts of water at low or ambient temperatures and its ability to dissolve substantially greater amounts of water at higher temperatures, i.e. 200.degree.-600.degree. F. After the solids are contacted with the solvent and while the solids and solvent are still at an elevated temperature, at least a portion of the solvent, now containing dissolved water, is removed from the solids to provide a product solids having a diminished water content.