Abstract: An axle for a heavy-duty vehicle comprising a central tube, a pair of spindles, and a bulkhead. Each spindle of the pair of spindles is disposed at a respective axial end of the central tube. The bulkhead is disposed at least partially within an opening formed into the central tube and attached to the axle, providing support and connection for conduits passing from outside of the axle into the central tube while preventing ingress of water, contaminants, and debris into the central tube.

Abstract: A suspension system can include an air spring, an air reservoir external to the air spring, and a flow control device which variably restricts flow of air between the air spring and the air reservoir. Flow between the air spring and the air reservoir may be permitted in response to compliance of the suspension system, and the air spring can have an internal air volume at least 2½ times as great may permit flow between the air spring and the air reservoir in response to a predetermined pressure differential level across the flow control device. Multiple air reservoirs can be internal to an axle, or other suspension system or vehicle component, and can be isolated from each other.

Abstract: A battery support includes a base having an upper surface and a lower surface, a spine extending downwardly from and axially along the base such that at least a portion of the base is cantilevered from the spine, and at least one rib extending downwardly from the base and laterally from the spine. The upper surface is sized to support a battery thereon.

Abstract: A battery support includes a base having an upper surface and a lower surface, a spine extending downwardly from and axially along the base such that at least a portion of the base is cantilevered from the spine, and at least one rib extending downwardly from the base and laterally from the spine. The upper surface is sized to support a battery thereon.

Abstract: A suspension system can include an air spring, an air reservoir external to the air spring, and a flow control device which variably restricts flow of air between the air spring and the air reservoir. Flow between the air spring and the air reservoir may be permitted in response to compliance of the suspension system, and the air spring can have an internal air volume at least 2½ times as great may permit flow between the air spring and the air reservoir in response to a predetermined pressure differential level across the flow control device. Multiple air reservoirs can be internal to an axle, or other suspension system or vehicle component, and can be isolated from each other.

Abstract: A battery support includes a base having an upper surface and a lower surface, a spine extending downwardly from and axially along the base such that at least a portion of the base is cantilevered from the spine, and at least one rib extending downwardly from the base and laterally from the spine. The upper surface is sized to support a battery thereon.

Abstract: A vehicle body front structure includes a front end frame assembly, a bumper beam, left and right inner extension members, and left and right outer extension members. The front end frame assembly is disposed adjacent a forward end of the vehicle. The bumper beam is disposed forward of the front end frame assembly. The left and right inner extension members connect the bumper beam with the front end frame assembly. The left and right outer extension members are disposed on respective external sides of the left and right inner extension members and connect the bumper beam with the front end frame assembly. Each outer extension member includes a forward end section for connecting with the bumper beam, a rear end section having connection locations for connecting with the front end frame assembly and a curved section disposed between the forward end section and the rear end section.

Abstract: A battery support includes a base having an upper surface and a lower surface, a spine extending downwardly from and axially along the base such that at least a portion of the base is cantilevered from the spine, and at least one rib extending downwardly from the base and laterally from the spine. The upper surface is sized to support a battery thereon.