Abstract: Disclosed is a process for preparing surface modified silica sorption agent suitable for purifying contaminated aqueous liquid, the sorption agent comprising amorphous, precipitated, silica having surface deposited thereon an organic quaternary ammonium compound.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions useful as surface coatings for nonwoven substrates which compositions are reaction products of a melamine formaldehyde compound, long chain saturated alcohols and long chain saturated or unsaturated polyethoxylated alcohols. The invention compositions when used to surface size paper impart oil, water and polar solvent resistance thereto. The compositions may be used alone or as substantial replacements for anionic or non-ionic fluorocarbon based surface sizes that are typically used to impart oil resistance to paper.

Abstract: A liquid permeable diaphragm formed of a major amount polyfluorocarbon fibrils and a minor amount perfluorinated ion exchange material is disclosed. Optionally, the diaphragm may also include inorganic materials such as zirconium oxide, titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide, talc, barium sulfate or potassium titanate, or hydrous inorganic gels such as magnesium oxide gel, zirconium oxide gel, titanium oxide gel or zirconyl phosphate gel. The diaphragm can be prepared by depositing the polyfluorocarbon fibrils and the perfluorinated ion exchange material from a slurry, preferably an aqueous slurry. Optionally, a pore former such as, e.g., polypropylene can be codeposited from the slurry and subsequently removed by heat or dissolution to provide the desired permeability.

Abstract: Disclosed are electrodes, e.g., cathodes useful for the preparation of alkali metal halates. The electrodes comprise a substrate selected from the group consisting of titanium, steel, copper, nickel and silver and, in one embodiment, a coating of a Group VIII metal oxide selected from the group consisting of ruthenium, cobalt, rhodium, iridium, nickel, palladium and platinum. In a further embodiment, the coating also contains at least one Group IV metal oxide, e.g., titanium and tin.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of operating a solid polymer electrolyte chlor-alkali cell by imposing a pulsative current, e.g., pulsed direct current, half wave alternating current, or rectified alternating current, across the cell.Also disclosed is the chemical deposition of porous catalysts on a permionic membrane whereby to obtain a solid polymer electrolyte.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for increasing the silica to alkali metal oxide weight ratio of aqueous alkali metal silicate solution by electrodialysis of the alkali metal silicate solution.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of operating a solid polymer electrolyte chlor-alkali cell by imposing a pulsative current, e.g., pulsed direct current, half wave alternating current, or rectified alternating current, across the cell.Also disclosed is the chemical deposition of porous catalysts on a permionic membrane whereby to obtain a solid polymer electrolyte.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrolytic cell having an anode, a cathode, and a synthetic fluoro-carbon-resin permionic membrane between the anode and cathode. The improvement is characterized by the fluorocarbon-resin permionic membrane being a fluorinated copolymer having carboxylic acid ion exchange groups and the cathode having a catalytic, non-ferrous surface. Also disclosed is a process of producing an alkali metal hydroxide by electrolyzing an aqueous alkali metal chloride brine in an electrolytic cell having the anode separated from a catalytic, non-ferrous cathode by a synthetic fluorocarbon-resin permionic membrane having carboxylic acid ion exchange groups.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrode having a substrate with an elecrically active surface film. The film has a relatively imporous, dense portion in contact with the substrate and containing cobalt, tungsten, and phosphorous, and a less dense, more porous portion containing oxycompounds of cobalt. Also disclosed is a method of preparing the electrode by electroless deposition of cobalt, tungsten, and phosphorous onto a metallic substrate and heating of the substrate in the presence of oxygen to a temperature and for a time sufficient to form filament-like cobalt oxycompound elements extending outwardly from the surface of the film.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of preparing an electrodic surface on a metal substrate by depositing nickel and iron onto the substrate to form a nickel-iron surface and then leaching iron out of the surface to form a porous nickel surface. Also disclosed is an electrode prepared by depositing nickel and iron onto a metal substrate to form a nickel-iron surface, thereafter leaching the iron out of the surface to form a porous nickel surface.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrode having a substrate with an electrically active surface film. The film has a relatively imporous, dense portion in contact with the substrate and containing cobalt, tungsten, and phosphorous, and a less dense, more porous containing oxycompounds of cobalt. Also disclosed is a method of preparing the electrode by electroless deposition of cobalt, tungsten, and phosphorous onto a metallic substrate and heating of the substrate in the presence of oxygen to a temperature and for a time sufficient to form filament-like cobalt oxycompound elements extending outwardly from the surface of the film.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of cleaning foraminous metal bodies, for example, cathodes, of corrosion products and asbestos. The method is carried out by contacting the body with an aqueous cleaning solution containing an oxidation inhibitor, hydrochloric acid, and a source of hydrofluoric acid. Also disclosed is a method of electrolytically treating the cleaned metal surface with an organic hydroxy phosphonic acid.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of opening iron oxide-chromic oxide ores of trivalent chromium by contacting the ore with an aqueous alkali metal hypochlorite bleach and recovering a liquid containing hexavalent chromium from the reaction media. The hexavalent chromium produced by the bleaching action is normally in the form of alkali metal chromate. According to a preferred exemplification, the alkali metal chromate is electrolytically converted to an alkali metal dichromate.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of electrolyzing alkali metal chloride brine. The method comprises feeding fortified brine to an electrolytic cell, passing an electrical current through the cell, and withdrawing depleted brine from the cell. Hydrochloric acid is added to the depleted brine to dechlorinate it; and the depleted, dechlorinated brine is then contacted with solid salt to refortify the brine. The solid brine is a source of heavy metal impurities. Sodium carbonate and barium carbonate are added to the refortified brine in order to precipitate calcium and sulfate ions therefrom. The precipitate is then separated from the refortified brine in order to obtain a refortified, purified brine. According to the disclosed method, ferrous ion and sufficient hydroxyl ion are added to the dechlorinated, depleted brine prior to its refortification in order to maintain the pH thereof above about 7 during fortification.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of operating an electrolytic cell of the flowing mercury amalgam cathode type. According to the disclosed process, fortified alkali metal chloride brine is fed to the cell while an electrical current is passed through the cell. Depleted brine, diminished in alkali metal chloride content and enhanced in mercury content, is recovered from the cell. The depleted brine is dechlorinated and then refortified with alkali metal chloride. Thereafter, the refortified brine is treated to precipitate sulfate and alkaline earth metal contaminates as well as mercury. The purified, refortified brine is then introduced to a flowing mercury amalgam cathode electrolytic cell. The mercury recovery process is characterized by adding an alkaline hypochlorite solution to the precipitated impurities in order to form a soluble mercury salt, separating the soluble mercury salt from the precipitate at an alkaline pH, and then acidifying the solution of the soluble mercury salt.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of producing aqueous bromide solutions. According to the disclosed method, bromine is electrolyzed in an aqueous catholyte and hydrogen bromide is formed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of preparing a crystalline pigmentary chromic: oxide, Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3, having a mass average particle size less than about 1 micron. According to the disclosed method, a substantially dry solid composition of an alkali metal chromate and carbon is heated in an inert atmosphere to a temperature of above about 500.degree. Centigrade and maintained thereat until substantially all of the alkali metal chromate is decomposed. Thereafter, the solid composition is cooled while still in an inert atmosphere and thereafter pigmentary Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 is recovered therefrom.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of producing aqueous iodide solutions. According to the disclosed method, iodine is electrolyzed in an aqueous catholyte and hydrogen iodide is formed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of electrolyzing aqueous solutions of alkali metal chlorides such as sodium chloride brine where an electrical current is passed from an anode to the cathode, evolving chlorine at the anode and hydrogen at the cathode. According to the disclosed method the cathode has a coating containing tungsten and another transition metal. The other transition metal may be nickel or cobalt.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of operating a chromium metal electrolytic cell in series with a chromic acid cell. The feed to the chromium metal cell is the chromic acid-alkali metal dichromate effluent from the chromic acid cell and the product of the chromium metal cell is chromium metal and depleted chromic acid-alkali metal dichromate solution. The depleted chromic acid-alkali metal dichromate solution is recycled to the chromic acid cell with make up alkali metal chromate and alkali metal dichromate.