Abstract: The present disclosure provides laminates, which include adhesive materials and methods that allow for the removal of contaminants, e.g. particulate contaminants, from a substrate surface. In one embodiment, the laminates include (i) a substrate with contaminant disposed on its surface, (ii) a liquid, adhesive precursor and (iii) a film layer. The liquid, adhesive precursor is disposed between the substrate and the film layer. In another embodiment, the laminates include (i) a substrate with contaminant disposed on its surface, (ii) a cured adhesive layer and (iii) a film layer. The cured adhesive layer is disposed between the substrate and the film layer. The laminates may be used to remove contaminant from the substrate surface by removal of the film layer and the cured adhesive layer, which entraps the contaminant therein.

Abstract: A memory interface unit for coupling a microprocessor to a memory external to the microprocessor. The memory comprises a plurality of memory banks of mixed type, generic memory banks such as ROM, EPROM, or the like, which are directly addressable, and DRAM memory banks, which are addressable by row and column addresses, validated by row and column strobes. The memory interface provides unique strobes for each of the memory banks, which are programmable in dependence of the type of memory bank to which a particular strobe relates. The unique strobes are programmable so as to support both generic memory and DRAM, as the case may be.

Abstract: A pulse edge detector for detecting edges of a pulse signal in a bit stream. The bit stream, and herewith the pulse signal, is synchronized to a clock having half the resolution of a clock signal used to transmit the bit stream. Falling and rising edges of the synchronized pulse signal are determined. It is further determined whether the falling and rising edges of the pulse signal fall within a first or a second phase of the clock signal. The determined phase result is recorded for further processing by a succeeding circuit such as a counter. By determination of the pulse phase in both phases of the clock pulse, a double resolution pulse edge detector is obtained.