Abstract: An apparatus and method for the low temperature carbonization of a continuous tow of polymeric material fiber, such as PAN or other carbon fiber precursor materials at atmospheric pressure in an inert gas (usually nitrogen or argon) is disclosed. A pair of antennas are arranged within an electromagnetic cavity and face each other in an edgewise fashion for direct electromagnetic heating of the fiber tow as it passes between them. Supplemental background heating increases the dielectric loss of the fiber tow in order to improve absorption of electromagnetic energy and prevent arcing. The invention produces a higher density low temperature carbonized fiber in a shorter residence time compared to conventional low temperature carbonization.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for electromagnetically and thermally treating polymeric materials, including PAN and other carbon fiber precursors at large scale at atmospheric pressure, while measuring the temperature in the closed environment of the process chamber. The apparatus is designed for continuous processing, and to be compatible with other stages of existing carbon fiber production lines. It provides direct electromagnetic coupling to the fiber tow(s) in the near-field region of one or more microwave waveguide launchers and also provides direct radiative or IR heating from susceptor plates located on the opposite side of the tow from the waveguide opening for processing a band of multiple tows of fiber. It produces low-temperature-carbonized (LTC) fiber with shorter residence time and higher density compared to the conventional process. Its design is inherently scalable to larger production. A related method is also disclosed.

Abstract: Transmission channel monitoring, detection, classification, and adaptation provide solutions to severe information blockage problems during transmission. Channel monitoring is achieved through two types of detection and re-transmission strategies. Channel detection is accomplished by means of counting the number of negative acknowledgements, which classifies the channel degradation level and determines which alternatives to be adapted in order to combat specific blockage phenomenon. Blockage level is first translated into and related to transmission link parameters in terms of total carrier power to noise ratios, from which the methods of bit rate reduction, modem density increasing, and higher encoding rate are brought forth. A blockage identifier and the optimal smearing technique are used. Frequency-diversity and space-diversity, a method for combating complete blockage and an adaptive programmable channel equalization technique independent of channel characteristics are described.

Abstract: The transmission of ATM, Internet, and satellite communications is unified through international standardized protocol embedment. Global and Local performance optimization are achieved through the combination of combinatorial, dynamic, and probabilistic programming. A simultaneous domino effect of bandwidth conservation, efficiency enhancement, reliability improvement, traffic congestion prevention, delay minimization, and speed multiplication are realized for any digital communication system, particular in Internet. With three levels of error coding in ATM cells, the loss cell recovery and bit integrity are preserved. From its mathematical roots, new combinatorial sets are systematically generated, and applications of the sets are identified. Among the applications, optimal sequences can be produced for multi-user and multi-function communication system designs. Optimality is in terms of maximum possible number of sequences with given sequence length and sequence characteristics.

Abstract: Forward error correction techniques are applied and imbedded in the designated spaces of all the Internet Transmission Protocols in the Application Layer, the Transport Layer, the Network Layer, and the Link Layer. Encoding methods are performed at the transmitting end and corresponding decoding algorithms are performed at the receiving end. Error correcting codes are used at the receiving end to check and correct the received transmissions. This invention achieves significant better performance and quality of service (QoS) in terms of capacity amelioration, efficiency enhancement, reliability improvement, message delay reduction, bandwidth conservation, faster signaling, and the prevention of traffic congestion. The results are obtained effortlessly, simply, and simultaneously. All the above attributes are accomplished without adding complexity for each improvement.

Abstract: Forward error correction techniques are applied and imbedded in the designated spaces of all the Internet Transmission Protocols in the Application Layer, the Transport Layer, the Network Layer, and the Link Layer. Encoding methods are performed at the transmitting end and corresponding decoding algorithms are performed at the receiving end. Error correcting codes are used at the receiving end to check and correct the received transmissions. This invention achieves significant better performance and quality of service (QoS) in terms of capacity amelioration, efficiency enhancement, reliability improvement, message delay reduction, bandwidth conservation, faster signaling, and the prevention of traffic congestion. The results are obtained effortlessly, simply, and simultaneously. All the above attributes are accomplished without adding complexity for each improvement.