Abstract: A system for recognizing magnetic ink characters includes at least one write head configured and arranged to scan over the magnetic ink characters while generating a modulated magnetic field to produce a magnetic response in the magnetic ink characters. The modulation of the magnetic field produces spatial modulation in the magnetic response. The system also includes at least one read head configured and arranged to scan over the magnetic ink characters after the write head and to detect the magnetic response. The system further includes a recognition module to receive the magnetic response from the read head(s) and recognize the magnetic ink characters thereby.

Abstract: Aspects of the invention can include an internal heating system for an image transfer drum that can include a box having a plurality of sides, an open side facing the drum and a heater element. The box can have small gaps between it and the internal drum surface to maximize thermal efficiency of the internal heating system. The heater element can include first and second support structures that are disposed on a central support structure, the first support structure having an end connector at one side away from the second support structure. Further, a first coil can be formed around the first support structure, and a second coil can be formed around the second support structure and one end of the second coil can be coupled by an electrical line that extends within the central support structure through the second support structure towards the end connector.

Abstract: Embodiments generally provide an apparatus and method for processing substrates using a multi-chamber processing system (e.g., a cluster tool) that has an increased system throughput, increased system reliability, substrates processed in the cluster tool have a more repeatable wafer history, and also the cluster tool has a smaller system footprint. In one embodiment, the cluster tool is adapted to perform a track lithography process in which a substrate is coated with a photosensitive material, is then transferred to a stepper/scanner, which exposes the photosensitive material to some form of radiation to form a pattern in the photosensitive material, which is then removed in a developing process completed in the cluster tool.

Abstract: Embodiments generally provide an apparatus and method for processing substrates using a multi-chamber processing system (e.g., a cluster tool) that has an increased system throughput, increased system reliability, substrates processed in the cluster tool have a more repeatable wafer history, and also the cluster tool has a smaller system footprint. In one embodiment, the cluster tool is adapted to perform a track lithography process in which a substrate is coated with a photosensitive material, is then transferred to a stepper/scanner, which exposes the photosensitive material to some form of radiation to form a pattern in the photosensitive material, which is then removed in a developing process completed in the cluster tool.

Abstract: A wafer carrier opener is provided. The wafer carrier opener may eliminate the use of two separate actuators by using a four-bar linkage mechanism. The wafer carrier opener includes a wafer carrier door receiver, a horizontally stationary member, and a link coupled between the wafer carrier door receiver and the horizontally stationary member so as to allow horizontal movement of the wafer carrier door receiver.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for processing substrates using a multi-chamber processing system, or cluster tool, that has an increased system throughput, increased system reliability, improved device yield performance, a more repeatable wafer processing history (or wafer history), and a reduced footprint. The various embodiments of the cluster tool may utilize two or more robots that are configured in a parallel processing configuration to transfer substrates between the various processing chambers retained in the processing racks so that a desired processing sequence can be performed on the substrates. In one aspect, the parallel processing configuration contains two or more robot assemblies that are adapted to move in a vertical and horizontal directions, to access the various processing chambers retained in generally adjacently positioned processing racks.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for processing substrates using a multi-chamber processing system, or cluster tool, that has an increased system throughput, increased system reliability, improved device yield performance, a more repeatable wafer processing history (or wafer history), and a reduced footprint. The various embodiments of the cluster tool may utilize two or more robots that are configured in a parallel processing configuration to transfer substrates between the various processing chambers retained in the processing racks so that a desired processing sequence can be performed on the substrates. In one aspect, the parallel processing configuration contains two or more robot assemblies that are adapted to move in a vertical and horizontal directions, to access the various processing chambers retained in generally adjacently positioned processing racks.

Abstract: Embodiments generally provide an apparatus and method for processing substrates using a multi-chamber processing system (e.g., a cluster tool) that has an increased system throughput, increased system reliability, substrates processed in the cluster tool have a more repeatable wafer history, and also the cluster tool has a smaller system footprint. In one embodiment, the cluster tool is adapted to perform a track lithography process in which a substrate is coated with a photosensitive material, is then transferred to a stepper/scanner, which exposes the photosensitive material to some form of radiation to form a pattern in the photosensitive material, which is then removed in a developing process completed in the cluster tool.

Abstract: Embodiments generally provide an apparatus and method for processing substrates using a multi-chamber processing system (e.g., a cluster tool) that has an increased system throughput, increased system reliability, substrates processed in the cluster tool have a more repeatable wafer history, and also the cluster tool has a smaller system footprint. In one embodiment, the cluster tool is adapted to perform a track lithography process in which a substrate is coated with a photosensitive material, is then transferred to a stepper/scanner, which exposes the photosensitive material to some form of radiation to form a pattern in the photosensitive material, which is then removed in a developing process completed in the cluster tool.

Abstract: A flexible carrier for carrying a plurality of containers includes a flexible sheet and a plurality of container receiving apertures formed in the flexible sheet. An array of the container receiving apertures extend longitudinally across the flexible sheet wherein each container receiving aperture is substantially rectangular and includes an aperture perimeter that increases more than 42% following application to a container.

Abstract: A datum plate is provided for use in installations of substrate handling systems. The datum plate has a set of predetermined attachment locations adapted to couple the datum plate to a chamber; a set of predetermined attachment locations adapted to couple one or more automatic door opener platforms to the datum plate; and a set of predetermined attachment locations adapted to couple one or more substrate handlers contained within the chamber, to the datum plate. The attachment locations are positioned such that when the datum plate is coupled to the chamber, and the automatic door opener platform and the substrate handler are coupled to the datum plate, the substrate handler and automatic door opener platform are aligned for substrate transfer therebetween. Numerous other aspects are provided.

Abstract: A retractable tether device for tools for attachment to hand tools, including power tools includes a retractable tether or cord attached to a reel for extension and retraction thereof the distal end of the cord includes an attachment device for connecting the cord to a hand tool or other implement. A cord retaining arrangement is attached to the housing on the exterior thereof to selectively retain the cord against tension from the reel and from the power tool.

Abstract: A clumping animal litter comprises an organic material, a surfactant, and a clumping agent. The clumping agent may be a combination of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and guar gum. The material may comprise 1-2% CMC, 3-6% guar gum, 1-5% surfactant, and the remainder wood fiber. The material is formed into pellets with a uniform distribution of the various ingredients. The pellets are then crumbled to improve absorption characteristics. The mixture results in a fully-biodegradable, organic-based litter product with improved clumping abilities, natural odor control, and ease of litter pan maintenance.

Abstract: A fast-absorption animal litter comprises an organic material and a surfactant, the two products being uniformly mixed and formed into a pellet. The organic material is preferably yellow pine wood fiber. The product quickly absorbs moisture in a litter pan allows the litter pan to remain drier and to be refilled less frequently. The pellets may be left intact to limit tracking of the material, or may be crumbled for a softer texture. In the process for forming the material, crumbled pellets are screened to separate fines and dust, which are returned for re-pelletizing.

Abstract: A flexible carrier for carrying a plurality of beverage containers includes a plurality of container holders, each having a portion with higher energy treatment and a portion with lower energy treatment. The energy treatment is corona or plasma treatment. The portions with higher energy treatment provide better carrier-to-container friction. By varying the level of energy treatment and the relative size of the portions being treated, the amount of overall friction between the flexible carrier and the containers can be controlled.

Abstract: A photoactivation apparatus (200) separately delivers light to a plurality of wells of a multiwell plate (110). The device-includes a plurality of light emitting diodes (210) attached to a first surface of a substrate (220) such that when the photoactivation apparatus is positioned on the multiwell plate each of the light emitting diodes delivers light to one corresponding well. The light emitting diodes (210) may extend at least partially into the wells of the multiwell plate. A heat sink (250) and fan may be provided on the device to dissipate heat generated by the light emitting diodes. The components are preferably enclosed in a conveniently-sized housing (270). The housing may include one or more grips and air vents. The apparatus includes an interlocking lip (230) defining a recess which is sized to receive at least a portion of the multiwell plate. A power supply connected to the apparatus and configured to provide an equal voltage across each of the light emitting diodes.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a method for forming polyacrylic acid granules and granules formed therefrom wherein the granules are flowable, have an increased bulk density relative to the as polymerized polyacrylic acids, and a low amount of dust which is generally characterized herein as particles which pass through a 325 mesh screen. The granules formed by the method of the present invention can be used to prepare controlled release tablets, especially controlled release pharmaceutical tablets. The controlled release properties of the tablets formed from granules prepared according to the present invention are unexpectedly better than tablets prepared from granules formed by other known granulation methods.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a method for forming polyacrylic acid granules and granules formed therefrom wherein the granules are flowable, have an increased bulk density relative to the as polymerized polyacrylic acids, and a low amount of dust which is generally characterized herein as particles which pass through a 325 mesh screen. The granules formed by the method of the present invention can be used to prepare controlled release tablets, especially controlled release pharmaceutical tablets. The controlled release properties of the tablets formed from granules prepared according to the present invention are unexpectedly better than tablets prepared from granules formed by other known granulation methods.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a method for forming poly-acrylic acid granules and granules formed therefrom wherein the granules are flowable, have an increased bulk density relative to the as polymerized polyacrylic acids, and a low amount of dust which is generally characterized herein as particles which pass through a 325 mesh screen. The granules formed by the method of the present invention can be used to prepare controlled release tablets, especially controlled release pharmaceutical tablets. The controlled release properties of the tablets formed from granules prepared according to the present invention are unexpectedly better than tablets prepared from granules formed by other known granulation methods.

Abstract: A method for forming polyacrylic acid granules and granules prepared therefrom, wherein the granules are flowable, have comparable swelling characteristics and provide comparable tablet properties to powdered polyacrylic acid, have increased bulk density and contain minimal amounts of very small particles that can cause dusting and static adherence. The granules are used to prepare controlled-release tablets, especially for pharmaceutical purposes. The tablets prepared from granules obtained by the method of present invention have superior controlled release properties.