Abstract: An air conditioning pack of a cooling system includes an air cycle machine assembly, a cabin air compressor assembly, and a mixing duct. The air cycle machine assembly includes a compressor configured to receive an air stream that includes bleed air to generate a compressed air stream. The air cycle machine assembly utilizes a first portion of the compressed air stream to power the compressor. The cabin air compressor assembly receives a second portion of the compressed air stream, and utilizes the second portion to generate compressed ram air. The mixing duct receives the compressed ram air and allows the compressed ram air to mix with one or more of the air stream upstream of the compressor or the compressed air stream downstream of the compressor to generate a hybrid air stream that is used for cooling at least a portion of a vehicle.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to cool a vehicle heat source are disclosed herein. An example apparatus includes a first tank and a second tank. The first tank and the second tank are disposed on a vehicle. The second tank is in fluid communication with the first tank. An engine of the vehicle is to be supplied with fuel from at least one of the first tank or the second tank. The example apparatus also includes a cooling system disposed on the vehicle to cool the fuel flowing from the first tank to the second tank. The example apparatus further includes a heat exchanger operatively coupled to a heat source disposed on the vehicle. The fuel from the second tank is to flow to the first tank via the heat exchanger to cool the heat source.

Abstract: An air conditioning pack includes an air cycle assembly, a vapor cycle system, and a mixing duct. The air cycle assembly is configured to receive bleed air and utilize the bleed air to compress ram air. The vapor cycle system is configured to receive the compressed ram air and to reduce an operating temperature of the compressed ram air. The mixing duct is configured to receive the compressed ram air and mix the compressed ram air with the bleed air to generate a hybrid air stream that is used for cooling at least a portion of a vehicle.

Abstract: An air conditioning pack of a cooling system includes an air cycle machine assembly, a cabin air compressor assembly, and a mixing duct. The air cycle machine assembly includes a compressor configured to receive an air stream that includes bleed air to generate a compressed air stream. The air cycle machine assembly utilizes a first portion of the compressed air stream to power the compressor. The cabin air compressor assembly receives a second portion of the compressed air stream, and utilizes the second portion to generate compressed ram air. The mixing duct receives the compressed ram air and allows the compressed ram air to mix with one or more of the air stream upstream of the compressor or the compressed air stream downstream of the compressor to generate a hybrid air stream that is used for cooling at least a portion of a vehicle.

Abstract: A thermal management system includes at least one vapor control system (VCS) that is configured to cool portions of the vehicle. The VCS circulates a fluid therethrough to cool the portions of the vehicle through heat exchange. At least one reverse air cycle machine (RACM) couples to VCS through a first heat exchanger. The RACM is configured to receive ram air. The RACM expands the ram air. Heat from the fluid circulating through the VCS is transferred to the expanded ram air through the first heat exchanger.

Abstract: An air conditioning pack includes an air cycle assembly, a vapor cycle system, and a mixing duct. The air cycle assembly is configured to receive bleed air and utilize the bleed air to compress ram air. The vapor cycle system is configured to receive the compressed ram air and to reduce an operating temperature of the compressed ram air. The mixing duct is configured to receive the compressed ram air and mix the compressed ram air with the bleed air to generate a hybrid air stream that is used for cooling at least a portion of a vehicle.

Abstract: An aircraft includes a thermal management system that is configured to cool portions of the aircraft. The thermal management system includes at least one reverse air cycle machine (RACM) mounted on an engine of the aircraft, and a vapor cycle system (VCS) that is configured to cool the portions of the aircraft. The VCS circulates a refrigerant therethrough. A condenser couples the RACM(s) to the VCS. The RACM(s) coupled to the condenser provides a heat sink for the VCS.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to cool a vehicle heat source are disclosed herein. An example apparatus includes a first tank and a second tank. The first tank and the second tank are disposed on a vehicle. The second tank is in fluid communication with the first tank. An engine of the vehicle is to be supplied with fuel from at least one of the first tank or the second tank. The example apparatus also includes a cooling system disposed on the vehicle to cool the fuel flowing from the first tank to the second tank. The example apparatus further includes a heat exchanger operatively coupled to a heat source disposed on the vehicle. The fuel from the second tank is to flow to the first tank via the heat exchanger to cool the heat source.

Abstract: An aircraft includes a thermal management system that is configured to cool portions of the aircraft. The thermal management system includes at least one reverse air cycle machine (RACM) mounted on an engine of the aircraft, and a vapor cycle system (VCS) that is configured to cool the portions of the aircraft. The VCS circulates a refrigerant therethrough. A condenser couples the RACM(s) to the VCS. The RACM(s) coupled to the condenser provides a heat sink for the VCS.

Abstract: A thermal management system includes at least one vapor compression system (VCS) that is configured to cool portions of the vehicle. The VCS circulates a fluid therethrough to cool the portions of the vehicle through heat exchange. At least one reverse air cycle machine (RACM) couples to VCS through a first heat exchanger. The RACM is configured to receive ram air. The RACM expands the ram air. Heat from the fluid circulating through the VCS is transferred to the expanded ram air through the first heat exchanger.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to cool a vehicle heat source are disclosed herein. An example apparatus includes a first tank and a second tank. The first tank and the second tank are disposed on a vehicle. The second tank is in fluid communication with the first tank. An engine of the vehicle is to be supplied with fuel from at least one of the first tank or the second tank. The example apparatus also includes a cooling system disposed on the vehicle to cool the fuel flowing from the first tank to the second tank. The example apparatus further includes a heat exchanger operatively coupled to a heat source disposed on the vehicle. The fuel from the second tank is to flow to the first tank via the heat exchanger to cool the heat source.

Abstract: A thermal management system includes at least one vapor control system (VCS) that is configured to cool portions of the vehicle. The VCS circulates a fluid therethrough to cool the portions of the vehicle through heat exchange. At least one reverse air control machine (RACM) couples to VCS through a first heat exchanger. The RACM is configured to receive ram air. The RACM expands the ram air. Heat from the fluid circulating through the VCS is transferred to the expanded ram air through the first heat exchanger.

Abstract: A thermal management system includes at least one vapor compression system (VCS) that is configured to cool portions of the vehicle. The VCS circulates a fluid therethrough to cool the portions of the vehicle through heat exchange. At least one reverse air cycle machine (RACM) couples to VCS through a first heat exchanger. The RACM is configured to receive ram air. The RACM expands the ram air. Heat from the fluid circulating through the VCS is transferred to the expanded ram air through the first heat exchanger.

Abstract: A cold plate and method for cooling using the cold plate are disclosed. The cold plate includes a housing having hyperporous, microchannel ceramic foam strips disposed therewithin. A plurality of plugs formed from a high thermal conductivity material are disposed into the ceramic foam strips. Heat is transferred in an extremely efficient manner by leveraging the high thermal conductivity of the plugs to transfer the energy deep into a high internal surface area ceramic foam, which in turn transfers the heat to a coolant via convection. Channels between the foam strips form coolant inlet and outlet plenums, which results in minimal coolant pressure drop through the cold plate. In one example, an exemplary cold plate may provide cooling to one or two printed circuit boards. In another example, a cold plate may be disposed within a heat exchanger housing to provide cooling to a fluid.

Abstract: A cold plate and method for cooling using the cold plate are disclosed. The cold plate includes a housing having hyperporous, microchannel ceramic foam strips disposed therewithin. A plurality of plugs formed from a high thermal conductivity material are disposed into the ceramic foam strips. Heat is transferred in an extremely efficient manner by leveraging the high thermal conductivity of the plugs to transfer the energy deep into a high internal surface area ceramic foam, which in turn transfers the heat to a coolant via convection. Channels between the foam strips form coolant inlet and outlet plenums, which results in minimal coolant pressure drop through the cold plate. In one example, an exemplary cold plate may provide cooling to one or two printed circuit boards. In another example, a cold plate may be disposed within a heat exchanger housing to provide cooling to a fluid.