Abstract: A system and method for determining the optimal time to perform a pulse test to determine the presence of a fault after a switch opens to clear the fault to prevent generator instability. The method includes detecting the fault, opening a switch to clear the fault, determining an optimal time for performing the pulse test for determining the continued presence of the fault based on predetermined system data and parameters after the switch is opened so as to prevent the pulse test from occurring too early that could cause generator instability, and performing the pulse test at the optimal time to determine if the fault is still present. Determining the optimal time can use available system data and information, such as a priori knowledge or real-time behaviour. If the fault is not present, then the method determines a desired time to perform a reclose operation.

Abstract: A system and method for maintaining electrical stability of a high-voltage transmission power system in response to a fault. The method includes detecting the fault, opening a switch to clear the fault, performing a first pulse test for a predetermined duration of time to determine if the fault is still present, preventing a reclosing operation from occurring if the pulse test indicates that the fault is still present, and allowing the reclosing operation to occur if the first pulse test indicates that the fault is not present. One or more subsequent pulse tests can be performed if the first pulse test is inclusive about the persistence of the fault, where the reclosing operation is prevented from occurring if the pulse tests indicate that the fault is still present and the reclosing operation is allowed if the pulse tests indicate that the fault is no longer present.

Abstract: A series Z-source circuit breaker including a semiconductor switch that breaks source power being provided to a load in response to overcurrent. An electromechanical switch is electrically coupled in parallel with the semiconductor switch, a first capacitor is electrically coupled to an output side of the semiconductor switch, a second capacitor is electrically coupled in parallel with the semiconductor switch, and a delay circuit is electrically coupled in series with the first capacitor. The semiconductor switch is in an open position and the electromechanical switch is in a closed position when overcurrent is not present. Upon detection of overcurrent the semiconductor switch is closed, the electromechanical switch is opened and the delay circuit is controlled to delay when reverse bias current is provided from the first capacitor to the semiconductor switch to prevent source power from being provided to the load to give the electromechanical switch time to open.

Abstract: Methods for energizing microgrids and microgrid energy distribution systems are provided. A method for energizing a microgrid includes energizing a storage management system (SMS) that is configured to control power distribution in the microgrid. The method further includes connecting a plurality of reactive components to the SMS based on a configuration control programmed into the SMS. The method yet further includes ramping up an output voltage of the SMS based on limiting inrush currents of the plurality of reactive components in the microgrid.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods are provided for restoring flux in a startup of an uninterruptible power supply device. The uninterruptible power supply device passes voltage to loads while offline. Upon occurrence of a utility disturbance, the output voltage is adjusted while maintaining RMS voltage within a pre-specified window in order to restore flux during startup of the uninterruptible power supply device.

Abstract: Methods for energizing microgrids and microgrid energy distribution systems are provided. A method for energizing a microgrid includes energizing a storage management system (SMS) that is configured to control power distribution in the microgrid. The method further includes connecting a plurality of reactive components to the SMS based on a configuration control programmed into the SMS. The method yet further includes ramping up an output voltage of the SMS based on limiting inrush currents of the plurality of reactive components in the microgrid.

Abstract: A distributed energy storage or community energy storage unit incorporates a geothermal temperature regulation system. The system includes a sealed, chemically inert storage energy container or “pack” disposed within an underground chamber. The underground chamber is defined by a support structure or box pad 14 that includes side walls and a top or pad. Mechanical and electrical interfaces both to the utility connections and to the CES converter unit are also included.