Abstract: A direct current (DC) energy and data providing system to various modules associated with loads, wherein the modules are hot swappable in that the modules may be both installed and removed via a standard interface, without powering down the system to provide a simplified network for the management of a DC energy and data for facilitating both upgrade of the system and integration of the system with external systems associated with control, automation and/or security.

Abstract: A direct current (DC) energy and data providing system to various modules associated with loads, wherein the modules are hot swappable in that the modules may be both installed and removed via a standard interface, without powering down the system to provide a simplified network for the management of a DC energy and data for facilitating both upgrade of the system and integration of the system with external systems associated with control, automation and/or security.

Abstract: A thermonuclear reaction system for generating a thermonuclear fusion reaction includes a reaction chamber and a number of particle beam emitters. The reaction system has at least four particle beam emitters supported spatially around oriented toward a common focal region of the reaction chamber for directing at least four plasma beams that are spatially symmetrical in three dimensional space. Each of the plasma beams are directed towards a plasma region in the geometric center. A stable collapse of the plasma region permits a controllable and sufficiently long confinement time, which in combination with necessary temperature and density conditions may ignite and sustain fusion reactions and achieve a net energy output. Optionally, laser beams or other input energy devices may also be oriented around and toward the common focal region to direct high-energy laser beams at the plasma ball to assist with instigation of the fusion reaction.

Abstract: A driver apparatus for an electroluminescent display comprising a plurality of rows to be scanned and a plurality of columns which intersect the rows to form a plurality of pixels, comprises addressable row drivers, each row driver applying an output voltage to its associated row when addressed. The value of the output voltage is approximately equal to the numerical average of the threshold voltage for the electroluminescent display and the voltage required to provide the maximum desired pixel luminance for the electroluminescent display. Bipolar column drivers each supply an output voltage to its associated column. The output voltage is either positive or negative depending on the desired luminance of the pixels. The range of both positive and negative column output voltages is from zero volts to about one half of the difference between the threshold voltage and the voltage to provide the desired maximum pixel luminance for the electroluminescent display.

Abstract: A driver apparatus for an electroluminescent display comprising a plurality of rows to be scanned and a plurality of columns which intersect the rows to form a plurality of pixels, comprises addressable row drivers, each row driver applying an output voltage to its associated row when addressed. The value of the output voltage is approximately equal to the numerical average of the threshold voltage for the electroluminescent display and the voltage required to provide the maximum desired pixel luminance for the electroluminescent display. Bipolar column drivers each supply an output voltage to its associated column. The output voltage is either positive or negative depending on the desired luminance of the pixels. The range of both positive and negative column output voltages is from zero volts to about one half of the difference between the threshold voltage and the voltage to provide the desired maximum pixel luminance for the electroluminescent display.

Abstract: A driver apparatus for an electroluminescent display comprising a plurality of rows to be scanned and a plurality of columns which intersect the rows to form a plurality of pixels, comprises addressable row drivers, each row driver applying an output voltage to its associated row when addressed. The value of the output voltage is approximately equal to the numerical average of the threshold voltage for the electroluminescent display and the voltage required to provide the maximum desired pixel luminance for the electroluminescent display. Bipolar column drivers each supply an output voltage to its associated column. The output voltage is either positive or negative depending on the desired luminance of the pixels. The range of both positive and negative column output voltages is from zero volts to about one half of the difference between the threshold voltage and the voltage to provide the desired maximum pixel luminance for the electroluminescent display.