Abstract: Disclosed are an open-porous metal foam and a method for manufacturing the same. An open-porous metal foam according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is made of an iron-based alloy including 15 wt % or more of chrome and 5 wt % or more of aluminum. The open-porous metal foam is a semi-product that is formed of iron or the iron-based alloy that does not include chrome and aluminum or includes a smaller amount of chrome and aluminum in the powder when manufacturing, and the surface and the open pore thereof are uniformly coated with the powder of the iron-chrome-aluminum alloy and the organic binding agent. When heat treatment is performed under a reduction atmosphere, sintering is performed.

Abstract: Disclosed are an open-porous metal foam and a method for manufacturing the same. An open-porous metal foam according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is made of an iron-based alloy including 15 wt % or more of chrome and 5 wt % or more of aluminum. The open-porous metal foam is a semi-product that is formed of iron or the iron-based alloy that does not include chrome and aluminum or includes a smaller amount of chrome and aluminum in the powder when manufacturing, and the surface and the open pore thereof are uniformly coated with the powder of the iron-chrome-aluminum alloy and the organic binding agent. When heat treatment is performed under a reduction atmosphere, sintering is performed.

Abstract: Disclosed are an open-porous metal foam and a method for manufacturing the same. An open-porous metal foam according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is made of an iron-based alloy including 15 wt % or more of chrome and 5 wt % or more of aluminum. The open-porous metal foam is a semi-product that is formed of iron or the iron-based alloy that does not include chrome and aluminum or includes a smaller amount of chrome and aluminum in the powder when manufacturing, and the surface and the open pore thereof are uniformly coated with the powder of the iron-chrome-aluminum alloy and the organic binding agent. When heat treatment is performed under a reduction atmosphere, sintering is performed.

Abstract: A method is provided for the catalytic conversion of nitrogen oxides contained in the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine. A reducing agent is added in a controlled manner upstream of a denitrification catalyst, as seen in exhaust gas flow direction, and in dependence on a nitrogen oxide concentration. The reducing agent is added in a superstoichiometric amount in relation to the nitrogen oxide content if an operating parameter and/or a value derived from the operating parameter falls below or exceeds a threshold value. The addition of the reducing agent is then terminated or continued in a substoichiometric manner. The invention provides a measure for obtaining an extremely high average nitrogen oxide conversion, especially under varying operating conditions of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A process for catalytic removal of a pollutant from a combustion installation exhaust gas includes calculating, from operationally relevant parameters of the installation, a pollutant concentration using a predetermined characteristic diagram. A predetermined quantity of a reagent is introduced into the exhaust per unit time as a function of the calculated pollutant concentration, the reagent reacting with the pollutant at a catalytic converter. Operating states of the installation with substantially constant pollutant emission levels are determined. The pollutant concentration during an operating state of the installation with a substantially constant pollutant emission level is determined with a sensor and only a pollutant concentration from the installation in a steady operating state is used to correct the diagram. The pollutant concentration from the installation is calculated with the diagram in a non-steady operating state.

Abstract: A method is provided for the catalytic conversion of nitrogen oxides contained in the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine. A reducing agent is added in a controlled manner upstream of a denitrification catalyst, as seen in exhaust gas flow direction, and in dependence on a nitrogen oxide concentration. The reducing agent is added in a superstoichiometric amount in relation to the nitrogen oxide content if an operating parameter and/or a value derived from the operating parameter falls below or exceeds a threshold value. The addition of the reducing agent is then terminated or continued in a substoichiometric manner. The invention provides a measure for obtaining an extremely high average nitrogen oxide conversion, especially under varying operating conditions of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A process for catalytic removal of a pollutant from a combustion installation exhaust gas includes calculating, from operationally relevant parameters of the installation, a pollutant concentration using a predetermined characteristic diagram. A predetermined quantity of a reagent is introduced into the exhaust per unit time as a function of the calculated pollutant concentration, the reagent reacting with the pollutant at a catalytic converter. Operating states of the installation with substantially constant pollutant emission levels are determined. The pollutant concentration during an operating state of the installation with a substantially constant pollutant emission level is determined with a sensor and only a pollutant concentration from the installation in a steady operating state is used to correct the diagram. The pollutant concentration from the installation is calculated with the diagram in a non-steady operating state.

Abstract: A completely self-contained device reduces the NOx content in the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine operated with excess air. One or more reduction catalytic converters working according to the SCR principle are provided. A reducing agent control unit need not make any recourse to data present in the control unit of the internal combustion engine. Fitting and retrofitting to a vehicle is greatly simplified, particularly for vehicles that are already in use.

Abstract: A bypass leads away from the exhaust pipe and the bypass flow is set with an electrically actuable exhaust gas valve. Under certain operating states of the internal combustion engine, in particular when the load is increasing rapidly or during warmup, a portion or the entire exhaust gas flow is diverted through a combined hydrolysis/adsorption catalytic converter in the bypass line. The NOx contained in the exhaust gas is adsorbed in a particularly favorable manner.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an associated apparatus for metering a quantity of a reducing agent introduced into the exhaust-gas or exhaust-air stream of a combustion installation, in particular an internal combustion engine, for the reduction of pollutants. The quantity of the reducing agent to be introduced is determined by way of a functional relationship. The functional relationship is determined from operation-relevant parameters of the combustion installation, the exhaust gas and, if appropriate, of a catalytic converter. The functional relationship is checked during the operation of the combustion installation and adapted to the current state and the current operating conditions of the combustion installation, the exhaust gas and, if appropriate, the catalytic converter.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and to a device for using a reagent for converting a pollutant in an exhaust gas in a catalytic converter. The reagent is metered as a function of operational parameters of the exhaust gas and of a temperature of the catalytic converter. The reagent is added to the exhaust gas to form a mixture, and the mixture is fed through the catalytic converter. The temperature is determined recursively as a spatially and time-dependent function of the catalytic converter from the operational parameters of the exhaust gas and structural parameters of the catalytic converter. Catalytic activity in the catalytic converter is determined from the derived temperature and the reagent is metered as a function of the catalytic activity.