Abstract: A process for the anti-corrosive treatment of vehicle bodies or domestic appliances which have, at least in part, a metal surface and wherein this metal surface consists of at least 90%, based on the metal surface, zinc, aluminum and/or magnesium and/or alloys of these metals with one another or with other alloying elements, wherein the vehicle bodies or domestic appliances are cleaned, passivated and painted, characterised in that, for the purpose of passivation, the vehicle bodies or domestic appliances are contacted with an aqueous solution having a pH of 1 to 12 and containing complex fluorides of Ti, Zr, Hf, Si and/or B in a quantity such that the content of Ti, Zr, Hf, Si and/or B is 20 to 500 mg/l, and 50 to 2000 mg/l organic polymers, the composition of the aqueous solution being selected such that no crystalline zinc-containing phosphate layer is formed on the metal surface.

Abstract: Conductive and weldable anti-corrosive compositions based on (blocked) polyurethane resins, epoxy resins, together with curing agents containing nitrogen and conductive extenders are suitable for coating metal surfaces, in particular sheet steel in the coil coating process. These compositions are distinguished by a low stoving temperature, a distinct reduction in white rust on galvanized sheet steel in the salt spray test and by an improvement in the adhesion of the organic coating on the metallic substrate. These coatings furthermore also achieve adequate corrosion protection with a thin chromium coating, preferably also in Cr-free pretreatment processes. Sheet metal coated in this manner may be spot welded using any conventional processes.

Abstract: A process for pretreating surfaces made from steel, galvanised steel and/or aluminum and/or alloys thereof, wherein, in a first process stage, phosphating is performed using a low-nickel zinc phosphating solution; in a second process stage, the phosphated surfaces are post-rinsed using an aqueous solution which contains 0.001 to 10 g/l of lithium ions; copper ions and/or silver ions; and, in a third process stage, a low-lead cathodically depositable electrocoating lacquer is applied which contains no more than 0.05 wt. % of lead, relative to the dry solids content of the lacquer.

Abstract: A process for phosphating metal surfaces in which a nitrite- and nickel-free zinc-containing phosphating solution is applied to the metal surfaces which, if desired, are then rinsed and subsequently after-rinsed with an aqueous solution with a pH value of 3 to 7 which contains 0.001 to 10 g/l of one or more of the cations of Li, Cu and Ag.

Abstract: A process for phosphating metal surfaces in which a nitrite- and nickel-free zinc-containing phosphating solution is applied to the metal surfaces which, if desired, are then rinsed and subsequently after-rinsed with an aqueous solution with a pH value of 3 to 7 which contains 0.001 to 10 g/l of one or more of the cations of Li, Cu and Ag.

Abstract: Scouring powders containing abrasives and an alkyl glycoside having a degree of oligomerization of from 1.2. to 1.4. These scouring powders are low foaming in the presence of water.

Abstract: Synthetic swellable layer silicates corresponding to the following formulaMgO.aMA.bAl.sub.2 O.sub.3.cSiO.sub.2.nH.sub.2 O (I)in whichM is Na.sup.+ and Li.sup.+ having an Na:Li ratio of at least 1;A is F.sup.-, OH.sup.- or 1/2O.sup.2- or a mixture thereof;a is 0.1 to 0.6;b is 0 to 0.3;c is 1.2 to 1.7; andn is 0 to 3.0.are used in water-based well-servicing fluids as a high-temperature-stable thixotrope substantially unaffected by alkaline earth metal ions.

Abstract: An agglomerate containing sodium sulfate and as layer silicate, a synthetic layer silicate which has a smectite-like crystal phase, increased contents of bound alkali metal and silicate and a distinctly reduced swelling power compared with pure smectites. The agglomerate can take up significant quantities of an additional liquid component in its pores, resulting in a free-flowing agglomerate which outwardly feels dry. This high adsorption capacity may be used, for example, to take up a liquid detergent component which may then be mixed in combination with powder-form or granular detergent components to form a free-flowing detergent composition.

Abstract: A laundry pretreatment composition comprising an invertmicellar ternary mixed phase containing from 5 to 15% by weight of at least one anionic surfactant or from 25 to 45% by weight of at least one nonionic surfactant, and from 50 to 55% by weight of at least one cosurfactant in the presence of an anionic surfactant or from 35 to 50% by weight of at least one cosurfactant in the absence of anionic surfactant, and from 45 to 30% by weight of water in the presence of anionic surfactant and from 40 to 5% by weight of water in the absence of anionic surfactant.

Abstract: A detergent composition containing a surfactant, builder, and a fabric softener component comprising one or more tertiary amines containing at least one long-chain alkyl or alkenyl group and a synthetic layer silicate having a smectite-like crystal phase and, compared with natural smectites, a reduced swelling power in water. The detergent composition provides good fabric softening effect and a good detergent effect.

Abstract: Detergent composition containing conventional surfactants and builders, a fabric-softening silicate of the smectite type, and a synthetic incrustation-inhibiting layer silicate having a smectite-like crystal phase and reduced swelling power in water by comparison with natural smectite. The composition provides a significant increase in the softening effect of the detergent on a fabric washed therewith.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the filtration of liquors containing organic solvents in dry cleaning using natural and/or synthetic layered silicates prepared with one or more ammonium compounds corresponding to the following general formulaR.sup.1 R.sup.2 R.sup.3 R.sup.4 N.sup.+ X.sup.- (I)wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 represent hydrogen, alkyl or alkenyl groups which may optionally be substituted and X.sup.- represents anions of water-soluble, highly dissociated acids, in a quantity of from 2 to 60% by weight.Settling filters or cartridge filters are charged with the layered silicates thus prepared either alone or in combination with kieselguhr and/or active carbon, and solvent mixtures used in dry cleaning are filtered through the prepared filters.

Abstract: The present invention provides synthetic, finely divided water-insoluble layered silicates having a smectite-like crystal phase, with increased contents of bound alkali and silicate and a distinctly reduced swelling power in aqueous suspension relative to pure layered silicates of this type. The synthetic layered silicate of this invention has the following oxide summation formulaMgO.aM.sub.2 O.bAl.sub.2 O.sub.3.cSiO.sub.2.nH.sub.2 Owherein M is selected from the group consisting of sodium and a mixture of sodium and lithium said mixture having a molar ratio of sodium to lithium of at least about 2,n represents the number of water molecules bound in the crystal phase, anda, b, c and n each represent a number having a value within the following ranges:a is from about 0.05 to about 0.4b is from 0 to about 0.3c is from about 1.2 to about 2.0, andn is from about 0.3 to about 3.0.

Abstract: The invention relates to alkaline cleaners containing two components A and B, component A being a strongly alkaline solution comprising mostly alkali metal hydroxides and employed in an excess, component B being a concentrate comprising an aqueous silicic acid dispersion containing anionic, nonionic or amphoteric tensides, builder substances, stabilizers and optionally inorganic mineral acids, complexing agents and/or preservatives. Component B contains, as an active ingredient, adjusted to a pH in the range of from 1 to 11, a silicic acid dispersion obtained in situ by treating an alkali metal silicate solution with a mineral acid or a gas reacting acidically in aqueous solution. The dispersions also contain stabilizers, tensides and builder substances. If desired, additional agents conventionally contained in cleaning concentrates may also be added.

Abstract: Hollow, spherical bodies of solidified alkali metal silicates having the general formulaM.sub.2 O:x.SiO.sub.2where M is an alkali metal and x has a value greater than 3.6 and less than 12, said hollow bodies having an external diameter of from 1 to 5 mm, shell thickness of from 0.2 to 0.6 mm, a water content of from 10% to 30% by weight and a solids content of at least 70% by weight, the M.sub.2 O content of the shell of said hollow bodies being greater internally and less toward the exterior surface, as well as the process of producing said hollow, spherical bodies of solidified alkali metal silicate. The hollow spheres are expandable resulting in the formation of foam spheres having a loose surface. The hollow spheres are useful to give a uniform filling of narrow cavities and in the covering of liquids by floatable, optionally surface-active silicate-containing materials.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the production of solid in conductor materials based on the following formula:A.sub.3u+2v+w XuYuZwwherein A is lithium or sodium, X is nitrogen, phosphorus or arsenic, Y is nitrogen, sulphur, tellurium or selenium, Z is hydrogen or a halogen, and u, v, and w each represent a number from 0 to 1 inclusive, with the proviso that only one of u, v, and w can assume the value of 0.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds of the general formula:Li.sub.2-2x N.sub.0.5-x Hal.sub.0.5+xwherein Hal is bromine, chlorine, fluorine or iodine and x is 0 or a number f up to 0.2 but excluding Li.sub.9 N.sub.2 Cl.sub.3 and Li.sub.5 NI.sub.2.The present invention also provides solid ion conductor material, consisting of a compound of the general formula:Li.sub.2-2x N.sub.0.5-x Hal.sub.0.5+xwherein Hal is bromine, chlorine, fluorine or iodine and x is 0 or a number of up to 0.2Furthermore, the present invention provides processes for the production of these compounds and solid ion conductor materials, as well as galvanic cells comprising them.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the production of solid ion ductor materials (electrolytes) based on lithium or sodium compounds which stand in thermodynamic equilibrium with their alkali metal and have a high decomposition voltage, wherein two or more binary lithium or sodium compounds with an anion which is formed from one or more elements of the group consisting of nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, oxygen, sulphur, selenium, tellurium, hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine and which stand in thermodynamic equilibrium with their alkali metal are reacted together in such amounts and for such a period of time that a radiographically phase-pure product is formed.The present invention also provides ion conductor materials based on lithium or sodium compounds, which have the general formula:A.sub.3u+2v+w X.sub.u Y.sub.v Z.sub.