Abstract: A LNA (low-noise amplifier) includes a matching network configured to provide a three-way coupling between an input node, a matched node, and a source node; a gate capacitor configured to provide AC (alternate current) coupling between the matched node and a gate node; a cascode amplifier configured to receive a gate voltage at the gate node and output an output voltage at an output node in accordance with a source degeneration at the source node; and a load network connected to the output node, wherein the matching network having a shunt inductor and a series inductor that are overlapped in layout to have a strong mutual coupling and a source degenerating inductor that is laid out in a close proximity to the shunt inductor to have a strong mutual coupling

Abstract: An apparatus and a method are provided. The apparatus includes an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) driver; and an ADC that is electrically coupled to the ADC driver. The method includes setting, by an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) driver, a desired common-mode control value based on the held voltage; and setting, by the ADC driver, a desired gain control value based on the held voltage.

Abstract: A system and method for calibrating a duration of a pulse or a delay. A reference clock signal includes a sequence of reference pulses, and controls a switch in a first charge pump that is configured to charge a first capacitor. Each of a sequence of test pulses controls a switch in a second charge pump that is configured to charge a second capacitor. At the end of each charging cycle, the respective capacitor voltages are compared and the duration of the test pulses is adjusted, by a feedback circuit, in a direction tending to make the capacitor voltages equal. When the capacitor voltages are equal, the ratio of the lengths of the reference pulses and test pulses equals the ratio of the capacitances, if the charge pumps deliver the same current when switched on.

Abstract: A system and method for calibrating a duration of a pulse or a delay. A reference clock signal includes a sequence of reference pulses, and controls a switch in a first charge pump that is configured to charge a first capacitor. Each of a sequence of test pulses controls a switch in a second charge pump that is configured to charge a second capacitor. At the end of each charging cycle, the respective capacitor voltages are compared and the duration of the test pulses is adjusted, by a feedback circuit, in a direction tending to make the capacitor voltages equal. When the capacitor voltages are equal, the ratio of the lengths of the reference pulses and test pulses equals the ratio of the capacitances, if the charge pumps deliver the same current when switched on.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method are provided. The apparatus includes an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) driver; and an ADC that is electrically coupled to the ADC driver. The method includes setting, by an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) driver, a desired common-mode control value based on the held voltage; and setting, by the ADC driver, a desired gain control value based on the held voltage.

Abstract: A system and method for calibrating a duration of a pulse or a delay. A reference clock signal includes a sequence of reference pulses, and controls a switch in a first charge pump that is configured to charge a first capacitor. Each of a sequence of test pulses controls a switch in a second charge pump that is configured to charge a second capacitor. At the end of each charging cycle, the respective capacitor voltages are compared and the duration of the test pulses is adjusted, by a feedback circuit, in a direction tending to make the capacitor voltages equal. When the capacitor voltages are equal, the ratio of the lengths of the reference pulses and test pulses equals the ratio of the capacitances, if the charge pumps deliver the same current when switched on.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method. The apparatus includes a counter array; a ring oscillator that is electrically coupled to the counter array, where the counter array counts a number of cycles in the ring oscillator; an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) driver that is electrically coupled to the ring oscillator; and an ADC that is electrically coupled to the ADC driver, where an output of the ADC is electrically coupled to the ring oscillator.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method. The apparatus includes a counter array; a ring oscillator that is electrically coupled to the counter array, where the counter array counts a number of cycles in the ring oscillator; an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) driver that is electrically coupled to the ring oscillator; and an ADC that is electrically coupled to the ADC driver, where an output of the ADC is electrically coupled to the ring oscillator.

Abstract: Methods, apparatuses, and systems for providing a variable output using an array of cells are discussed. In the fine tuning bank of an apparatus, control is implemented by selecting a boundary cell from the array of cells and having every cell before the boundary cell in a circuit path be grounded and having the boundary cell and every cell after the boundary cell in the circuit path be connected to a voltage source. The circuit path may be the one formed by using thermometer coding in the fine tuning bank.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method are provided. The apparatus includes a first capacitor, including a first end and a second end; a second capacitor, including a first end connected to the second end of the first capacitor, and a second end; a variable capacitor, including a first end connected to the second end of the first capacitor, and a second end; a third capacitor, including a first end connected to the first end of the first capacitor, and a second end connected to the second end of the variable capacitor; and a fourth capacitor, including a first end connected to the second end of the third capacitor, and a second end connected to the second end of the second capacitor.

Abstract: Illustrative embodiments of systems and methods for wireless magnetic tracking are disclosed. In one illustrative embodiment, a wireless magnetic tracking system may include a plurality of transmitting coils each configured to generate a magnetic field when energized, an active transponder configured to simultaneously (i) obtain measurements of the magnetic field when one of the plurality of transmitting coils is energized and (ii) transmit a wireless signal containing data concerning the measurements, and a computing device configured to (i) cause each of the plurality of transmitting coils to be sequentially energized, (ii) receive the data concerning the measurements, and (iii) determine a position and an orientation of the active transponder relative to the plurality of transmitting coils in response to the data concerning the measurements.

Abstract: Methods, apparatuses, and systems for providing a variable output using an array of cells are discussed. In the fine tuning bank of an apparatus, control is implemented by selecting a boundary cell from the array of cells and having every cell before the boundary cell in a circuit path be grounded and having the boundary cell and every cell after the boundary cell in the circuit path be connected to a voltage source. The circuit path may be the one formed by using thermometer coding in the fine tuning bank.

Abstract: A system using temperature tracking for a controlled oscillator (CO) is provided. The system includes at least one coarse tuning capacitor circuit including a plurality of selectable coarse tuning capacitors operable in at least three modes of operation, thereby allowing switching between each coarse capacitor of the plurality of selectable coarse capacitors when a selected coarse tuning capacitor has reached one of its high tuning range and low tuning range.

Abstract: Methods, apparatuses, and systems for providing a variable capacitance using an array of capacitor cells are discussed. In the fine tuning bank of an inductor/capacitor (LC)-tank of a digitally controlled oscillator (DCO), control is implemented by selecting a boundary cell from the array of capacitor cells and having every cell before the boundary cell in a circuit path be grounded and having the boundary cell and every cell after the boundary cell in the circuit path be connected to a voltage source. The circuit path may be the one formed by using thermometer coding in the fine tuning bank.

Abstract: Methods, apparatuses, and systems for providing a variable capacitance using an array of capacitor cells are discussed. In the fine tuning bank of an inductor/capacitor (LC)-tank of a digitally controlled oscillator (DCO), control is implemented by selecting a boundary cell from the array of capacitor cells and having every cell before the boundary cell in a circuit path be grounded and having the boundary cell and every cell after the boundary cell in the circuit path be connected to a voltage source. The circuit path may be the one formed by using thermometer coding in the fine tuning bank.

Abstract: A system using temperature tracking for a controlled oscillator (CO) is provided. The system includes at least one coarse tuning capacitor circuit including a plurality of selectable coarse tuning capacitors operable in at least three modes of operation, thereby allowing switching between each coarse capacitor of the plurality of selectable coarse capacitors when a selected coarse tuning capacitor has reached one of its high tuning range and low tuning range.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating a plurality of signals is provided. The apparatus provided includes a first signal generation unit, including an input receiving a reference signal, and a plurality of outputs providing a first plurality of output signals being generated based on the reference signal, wherein any two of the output signals have a different phase. The apparatus provided further includes a second signal generation unit, including at least two inputs receiving at least two signals selected from the first plurality of output signals generated by the first signal generation unit, and a plurality of outputs providing a second plurality of output signals generated by interpolating the respective phases of the received at least two signals selected from the first plurality of output signals.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating a plurality of signals is provided. The apparatus provided includes a first signal generation unit, including an input receiving a reference signal, and a plurality of outputs providing a first plurality of output signals being generated based on the reference signal, wherein any two of the output signals have a different phase. The apparatus provided further includes a second signal generation unit, including at least two inputs receiving at least two signals selected from the first plurality of output signals generated by the first signal generation unit, and a plurality of outputs providing a second plurality of output signals generated by interpolating the respective phases of the received at least two signals selected from the first plurality of output signals.