Abstract: A method for monitoring spectral efficiency in a wireless network includes determining total number of resource blocks or resource elements allocated for each of one or more calls in the wireless network during a given time period and determining a corresponding total number of bits transmitted for each of the one or more calls during the given time period. A spectral efficiency metric is calculated for each of the one or more calls based at least in part on the total number of bits transmitted during the given time period and the total number of resource blocks or resource elements allocated for transmission during the given time period. A heat map for each of the one or more calls is generated based on geographic locations of the one or more calls.

Abstract: A method for monitoring spectral efficiency in a wireless network includes determining total number of resource blocks or resource elements allocated for each of one or more calls in the wireless network during a given time period and determining a corresponding total number of bits transmitted for each of the one or more calls during the given time period. A spectral efficiency metric is calculated for each of the one or more calls based at least in part on the total number of bits transmitted during the given time period and the total number of resource blocks or resource elements allocated for transmission during the given time period. A heat map for each of the one or more calls is generated based on geographic locations of the one or more calls.

Abstract: Before a party is admitted into a conference call, the party's communication connection to the conference bridge is tested for quality. If the quality is acceptable, the party is admitted into the conference. If the quality is not acceptable, an attempt is made to improve the quality. If the attempt fails, the party is given the choice of either hanging up and calling back or being admitted into the conference in a restricted mode that limits the adverse effects of the poor connection on the conference.

Abstract: Communicating in a network over a path that includes a first node includes: receiving from the first node, at a second node on the path, a packet addressed to a destination; forwarding the packet from the second node to the destination; determining, at the second node, a first time associated with forwarding the packet to the destination; receiving, at the second node, an acknowledgement of the packet from the destination; determining, at the second node, a second time associated with receiving the acknowledgement at the second node; and forwarding the acknowledgment from the second node to the first node. The acknowledgment includes timing information based on the first time and second time.

Abstract: Communicating between a first node in a network and a second node includes determining, by a third node in the network that is in communication with the first node, a value of an additive path quality metric for a path segment between the third node and a fourth node, and a value of the additive path quality metric for a path segment between the third node and a fifth node. Path quality is estimated for each of multiple different paths between the first node and the second node based at least in part on the values of the additive path quality metric determined by the third node. At least two of the multiple different paths include at least one path segment in common.

Abstract: A communications system includes a network that is coupled to a number of terminals, at least some of which are capable of audio or other forms of real-time interactive data communications over the network. Each of the terminals includes a network adapter that is capable of detecting a collision with another terminal on the network. If a collision is detected, transmission of a data frame is aborted, and a backoff time delay is selected. The backoff time delay is selected from a group of delay periods that vary at a rate different than exponentially with a number of collisions. The group of one or more delay periods can contain delay periods that increase linearly with the number of collisions, delay periods that increase according to some power of n, where n is the number of collisions, or a delay period that is selected at random based on a predetermined mean backoff delay.

Abstract: A communications system includes a network that is coupled to a number of terminals, at least some of which are capable of audio or other forms of real-time interactive data communications over the network. Each of the terminals includes a network adapter that is capable of detecting a collision with another terminal on the network. If a collision is detected, transmission of a data frame is aborted, and a backoff time delay is selected. The backoff time delay is selected from a group of delay periods that vary at a rate different than exponentially with a number of collisions. The group of one or more delay periods can contain delay periods that increase linearly with the number of collisions, delay periods that increase according to some power of n, where n is the number of collisions, or a delay period that is selected at random based on a predetermined mean backoff delay.

Abstract: A method and system of managing calls over a data network includes admitting a call if a throughput requirement is met. After a call request, the call request defining a throughput requirement, is received for establishing a call, a network resource responds with a throughput requirement request. A throughput measurement is performed between the destination terminals. A throughput measurement response, including the throughput measurement, is transmitted to the network resource. Further, a plurality of communities may be defined, each including one or more terminals. A call may be admitted between communities based on the throughput requirement being met in a connection between each respective terminal. Additionally, one or more of a plurality of resource elements may be selected in response to the call request based on the throughput requirement being met. The resource elements, which may include codecs (coders/decoders), packet sizes (for carrying audio data), and others, may be used in the requested call.

Abstract: The present invention discloses 27 immunoreactive peptides and antibodies immunologically reactive with said peptides. Such peptides and antibodies can be used for diagnosis of SARS-CoV infection as well as for preparing vaccination against SARS-CoV or a closely related coronaviruses.

Abstract: A method and system are disclosed for utilizing a session processor having multiple internal states to control communication sessions occurring within a wireless and satellite network that includes at least one control interface. First, a message is received from the control interface and is then processed. Next, an internal state of the session processor is changed such that a response message may be formulated. Thereafter, internal tables and counters are updated in response to the message. Finally, the response message is delivered to the control interface, such that the session processor may be utilized to maintain comprehensive and seamless control of communications sessions occurring within the wireless and satellite network.

Abstract: The satellite communication system uses defocused feed arrays to generate a large number of beams that cover a number of regions. The ground gateways are assigned the same frequency spectrum. The beams are divided into multiple groups and each group is controlled by a different ground gateway. The signals within each group are coherent. Each gateway can then control the set of beams landing on its neighboring territory.

Abstract: A number of user IDs are assigned to each wireless device. The number of user IDs required is based on the type of information transmitted (e.g., video, voice, or data). The user ID's generate the orthogonal Walsh codes used to cover a data signal to be transmitted. Each Walsh code is 2n-bits in length and the memory size is 2n×2n where n is the number of bits in the Walsh code. Each unique user ID addresses a memory to generate a unique Walsh code corresponding only to that user ID. The orthogonal codes output from the memory cover the information to be transmitted. This results in the transmitted signal being orthogonal to other users and also orthogonal within the transmitting user's own signal bursts.

Abstract: The present invention assigns a pair of user ID's to each user. The user ID's are used as addresses to access two orthogonal Walsh codes in a memory. Each Walsh code is 2n-bits in length and the memory size is 2n×2n. The orthogonal codes are then used to cover the information symbols for transmission. This results in the transmitted signal being orthogonal to other users and also orthogonal within the transmitting user's own signal bursts.

Abstract: A communication system and methodology are implemented to anticipate periodic or predictable disruptions of communications in a satellite communication network. The communication system and methodology then compensate for this disruption in an appropriate manner. Such prediction and compensation actions are performed for a selected group of subscribers ("premium" subscribers) who wish to originate or receive telephone calls during the period of time that the outage or disruption occurs. To compensate for such predictable outages, the communication network takes advantage of the multiple gateways typically implemented within mobile satellite communicate networks. Rather than using the multiple gateways for redundancy, the communication network and methodology recognize that the multiple gateways may also be used for the alternate routing of telephone calls, particularly during a period of time in which the outage occurs. Through this methodology, a "virtual routing" operation may be executed.

Abstract: A plurality of bit stream formatters formats and codes the digital information signals that are to be transmitted. A symbol generator generates I and Q symbols from the formatted information signals. These symbols are input to the beamforming matrix that is connected directly to the symbol generators. The beamforming matrix generates baseband beam signals from the I and Q symbols. Baseband, pulse-shaping, low-pass filters are connected to the beamforming matrix. The low-pass filters each generate an antenna feed signal from each of the baseband beam signals.