Abstract: An endodontic instrument comprises three principal parts: a sleeve-shaped housing (1) one end of which is closed with a nut (2) provided with a straight-through hole; a movable bolt (3) situated axially in the housing (1); and a replaceable working nosepiece with a coupling attachment (4) to which, at the other end of the housing (1), permanently joined is a cannula (5) with the diameter of 0.30-0.35 mm inside which two thin wires with the diameter of 0.07-1.5 mm are placed to form a loop (6) outside the cannula (5), said wires being joined permanently with each other outside the attachment (4) with the use of a fastener (7).

Abstract: A control interface for a liquid crystal display having more than 80 characters uses a pair of controller/driver devices each having inputs for eight data bits but being adaptable to operate with four data bits from a 4-bit microprocessor. A standard 8-bit microprocessor is used to control the controller/driver devices by connecting the four bits of a low data nibble of the microprocessor to the four high data bits of one controller/driver and four bits of a high data nibble of the microprocessor to the four high data bits of the other controller/driver. The control interface can interface to liquid crystal displays with less than 80 characters without microprocessor modification.