Abstract: This invention relates to the use of hypo-oncotic aqueous solutions of molecularly dispersed chemically modified high molecular weight crosslinked hemoglobins, namely so-called hemoglobin hyperpolymers, to prepare agents for the symptomatic, primarily life-saving treatment of acute pulmonary edema. Administration in particular is intravascular. Surprisingly, additive administration can be performed since according to the invention the colloidal-osmotic (=oncotic) pressure of the blood itself is essentially raised only slightly, and the blood volume is increased hardly at all. Administration pursuant to the invention is thus (almost) volume-neutral based on the blood into which the injection is made. A hyperpolymeric hemoglobin derivative is thus used therapeutically for the first time as a blood additive for the treatment of pulmonary edema.

Abstract: This invention relates to the use of hypo-oncotic aqueous solutions of molecularly dispersed chemically modified high molecular weight crosslinked hemoglobins, namely so-called hemoglobin hyperpolymers, to prepare agents for the symptomatic, primarily life-saving treatment of acute pulmonary edema. Administration in particular is intravascular. Surprisingly, additive administration can be performed since according to the invention the colloidal-osmotic (=oncotic) pressure of the blood itself is essentially raised only slightly, and the blood volume is increased hardly at all. Administration pursuant to the invention is thus (almost) volume-neutral based on the blood into which the injection is made. A hyperpolymeric hemoglobin derivative is thus used therapeutically for the first time as a blood additive for the treatment of pulmonary edema.

Abstract: According to the claims, the present invention comprises the preparation of chemically modified, cross-linked hemoglobins with improved functional properties, the cross-linked hemoglobins prepared according to this method and the use of these hemoglobins as artificial oxygen carriers. The synthesis method is characterized by technical simplicity as well as by high yields. Deoxygenated hemoglobin of high purity is conjugated covalently under the protection of an antioxidant with an effector of oxygen binding, especially with pyridoxal-5-phosphate, after which the hemoglobin is polymerized with glutardialdehyde as a bifunctional cross-linking agent. At the same time, there is a large increase in the volume of the reaction mixture and a decrease in the concentration of the hemoglobin during the addition of the cross-linking agent. Subsequently, after further dilution with water, a polyethylene oxide derivative is chemically linked to the cross-linked hemoglobins.

Abstract: Micro-emulsions having a binary phase differentiability and active substance differentiability, the production thereof, and their use, particularly for the topical supply of oxygen The present invention relates to skin-compatible micro-emulsions that are suitable for the treatment of hair and skin, based on a primary W/O micro-emulsions that are converted into both a secondary W/O and into a secondary O/W micro-emulsion, and can contain, in particular, both water-soluble and fat-soluble active substances in stable form. Preferably, the emulsion contains an oxygen binder such as hemoglobin, with which bound bioavailable oxygen, preferably together with other active substances, can be introduced into the skin by means of topical application, in order to support the cell growth of the stratum germinativum. These emulsions can be produced easily, without great technical effort, and can be used both in cosmetics and in medicine (dermatology).

Abstract: The invention relates to covalently cross-linked mammalian hemoglobins, to which polyalkylene oxides are covalently linked. Such hemoglobins are surprisingly compatible with proteins of human and animal plasma, under all the possible conditions within the vascular system of the body. The invention furthermore relates to the production of these cross-linked hemoglobins linked with polyalkylene oxides, as well as to their use as artificial intravasal oxygen carriers in the human or animal organism or in individual organs.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of one or more natural or modified oxygen carriers, devoid of plasma or cellular membrane constituents, for the production of an agent for the external treatment of open wounds, particularly chronic wounds. Hemoglobin or myoglobin of human or animal origin are suitable as oxygen carriers. The oxygen carriers can also preferably be modified. Suitable modifications are cross-linking, reaction with polyalkylene oxides, chemically reactive or chemically non-reactive effectors, or combinations. The agent is applied to the wound area particularly by means of spraying on an aqueous solution containing the oxygen carrier(s). The oxygen carriers can be used in particularly effective manner in the case of chronic wounds resulting from tissue degeneration, particularly diabetic tissue degeneration.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device, especially an optical flow-through measuring cell, for the combined use of spectrometry and polarimetry for simultaneously measuring multiple variables in physical-chemical and biotechnical processes, with multiple optical layer thicknesses at the same time. Spectrometry can be used to detect dissolved substances in the medium flowing through the cell in the ultraviolet range (UV), the visible range (light) and the near infrared range (NIR) of electromagnetic radiation, in particular.

Abstract: A method of preparation of molecularly uniform hyperpolymeric hemoglobins includes subjecting a solution of hyperpolymeric hemoglobins with different molecular weights to an ultrafiltration process using a filter with a normal cut-off threshold of 106 g/mol.

Abstract: According to the claims, the present invention comprises the preparation of chemically modified, cross-linked hemoglobins with improved functional properties, the cross-linked hemoglobins prepared according to this method and the use of these hemoglobins as artificial oxygen carriers. The synthesis method is characterized by technical simplicity as well as by high yields.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the preparation of artificial oxygen carriers from chemically cross-linked hemoglobins with improved functional properties, chemically unreactive effectors of the oxygen affinity being added to the hemoglobin, before the latter is cross-linked and being present during the cross-linking. Pursuant to the invention, this leads to a reversible protection of those conformative regions of the hemoglobin molecules, which control the interactions of the hemoglobins with oxygen. This nonchemical protection causes the oxygen binding properties (especially the affinity and cooperativity) to change in a modified manner during a cross-linking of the hemoglobin's.

Abstract: The invention relates to an emulsion in the form of a cream or a lotion, and its preparation and use, which has a care effect on the skin and, at the same time, reinforces the diffusive supply of oxygen to the epidermis, in order to regenerate it and to correct an oxygen deficiency. The oxygen carrier is an untreated or a variously modified hemoglobin by itself or a hemoglobin/myoglobin mixture. Surprisingly, a diffusive oxygen supply to the skin from the outside is reinforced by means of the use of one or more oil components, together with one or more O/W emulsifiers, without the stability and diffusion of the oxygen carrier being impaired by the emulsion-forming components. Moreover, the preparation may be used as a cosmetic to achieve a natural coloring as well as an additional supply of moisture to the skin.

Abstract: The invention relates to covalently cross-linked mammalian hemoglobins, to which polyalkylene oxides are covalently linked. Such hemoglobins are surprisingly compatible with proteins of human and animal plasma, under all the possible conditions within the vascular system of the body. The invention furthermore relates to the production of these cross-linked hemoglobins linked with polyalkylene oxides, as well as to their use as artificial intravasal oxygen carriers in the human or animal organism or in individual organs.

Abstract: The invention relates to an oxygen carrier-containing preparation, which can be applied externally, hemoglobin and optionally myoglobin being incorporated in a preparation in a gel-like consistency. The preparation is suitable for being rubbed into the skin in order to intensify the diffusive supply of oxygen to the skin from the outside in order to regenerate the skin and eliminate the oxygen deficiency. The agent is also suitable for preventing such conditions and is particularly suitable in the case of degenerative, radiation-induced, thermally induced and age-related skin changes, even after the skin has suffered burns, optionally in co-therapy with intravasal oxygen therapy.

Abstract: In a process or device for very accurate determination of the plane of polarization of polarized light, the light from a light source (1) is polarized by means of a polarizing filter (2) which has a certain setting angle &thgr;0 with respect to the first reference plane, the plane of incidence on the reflecting surface (4). The polarized beam (12) passes through the sample in the measurement chamber (3), in which the angle of rotation is changed by the small angle &thgr;MG. The sum of &thgr;0 and &thgr;MG gives the angle of rotation &thgr;e , at which the beam (13) emerging from the measurement chamber is partially reflected at the surface of a medium of higher refractive index (4).

Abstract: A process for preparing solutions of hemoglobin hyperpolymers by fractionating hemoglobin hyperpolymers having a nonuniform molecular weight distribution according to molecular weight using a polyhydroxy compound to precipitate different fractions of hemoglobin hyperpolymers, wherein each fraction has a different but more uniform molecular weight distribution as compared to the starting hemoglobin hyperpolymers. Preferably, the polyhydroxy compound is a polyalcohol, especially polyethylene glycol.

Abstract: Artificial oxygen carrier composed of native or modified hemoglobins for direct biological or medical use, in which the oxygen binding site of the hemoglobin is provided with a protective ligand, preferably carbon monoxide, which does not have to be removed prior to use.

Abstract: A process for determining the viscosity of liquids on a microliter scale, wherein first the difference (a) in the pressure drop in a reference liquid flowing in a constant volume flow through a capillary measuring tube is determined with and without a sample loop inserted in the capillary measuring tube passage, the sample loop is filled with the liquid to be measured outside the capillary measuring tube passage, the sample loop is reinserted into the capillary measuring tube passage and the pressure drop is measured immediately following the insertion of the sample loop in the capillary measuring tube passage. The difference (b) in the pressure drop immediately following insertion of the sample loop and the pressure drop across the capillary measuring tube without the sample loop can then be calculated.

Abstract: A luminescent layer for use in apparatus for determining the oxygen concentration in gases, fluids and tissues by measuring the decrease in the light emission of a luminescent surface irradiated with an excitation light of a certain wavelength, where the luminescent dye forms a homogeneous mixture with the light-transparent layer substance, in which case the surface may also have a fine-grained structure.