Abstract: A magnetic element (1) has a base body (2) made of a magnetic or magnetizable material. The base body (2) has, in cross section, essentially the geometry of a rectangle (4) with a first side (3a) and a second side (3b) lying opposite the first side (3a). In cross section the first side (3a) has a first recess (5a), and the second side (3b) has a second recess (5b).

Abstract: A process for managing virtual machines in a physical machine includes the generation of virtual machines and executing operating systems in the virtual machines on top of the physical machine. A virtual machine monitoring function includes the operations of running in privileged mode, operating multiprogramming functions and providing a plurality of virtual machines identical to the physical machine for executing the operating systems.

Abstract: A fiber composite material has individual reinforcing fibers embedded in a bonding matrix material. The bonding of the fibers to the embedding matrix material is controlled along the length of the fibers by axially spaced fiber surface bonding zones having a high bonding ability and alternating with further fiber surface low bonding or non-bonding zones having a low or no bonding ability relative to the matrix material. The bonding zones having a high or maximal bonding ability are distributed optimally as to size, location and spacing along the length of a fiber so that loads or forces including the breaking load are transmitted from one bonding zone to the next bonding zone which are preferably formed as ring zones. The low-bonding or non-bonding zones are so dimensioned that bonding zones of fibers located adjacent to one another do not overlap in a direction across the length of the fibers.

Abstract: A method of producing dispersion hardened metal alloys which incorporate highly reactive metals or their alloys whose oxides are not adapted to be easily reduced. According to the method, the highly reactive metals of their alloys are added as powder particles to a solution of a salt of a reducible metal which is to form a metallic matrix in which the reactive metals or their alloys are to be integrated, after which the solution is atomized to form particles from which the solvent is removed to yield the final product of the metal matrix with the highly reactive metals or their alloys integrated therein as a second phase.

Abstract: A method of producing a dispersion-hardened metal alloy in which oxide particles are distributed uniformly in the metal matrix. The oxide particles, in finely divided form, are added to a solution of the metal along with a deglomerating agent so as to be dispersed in the solution as a colloid. The colloid suspension is then atomized and reduced to form a powder of the alloy with the oxide particles uniformly dispersed therein.

Abstract: A fluid flow engine for converting flow energy into useful energy, which includes essentially identically constructed structural parts moving in the same direction along an endless circulatory path. The circulatory path is guided or determined by way of at least two guide rollers whereby the circulatory path and/or the structural parts are in force-transmitting engagement with the guide rollers within the deflection area of the rollers. The structural parts are constructed as compact blades in the manner of the gas turbine technology and in operation produce a rotary drive of the guide rollers during the occurrence of flow energy; for example, an electric generator may be coupled to the guide rollers.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing components having thin walls of complex design by depositing a layer of metal or ceramic material on a shaped substratum. The resulting coated shaped bodies are then arranged inside an external envelope such that the shaped bodes represent the cavities to be incorporated in the component under manufacture whereas the coatings represent the walls surrounding the cavities. The envelope is then hermetically sealed, evacuated and upon evacuation, subjected to a hot compression operation. Thereafter, the envelope and the shaped bodies are at least partially removed by chemical or mechanical processes. Several layers of various materials and various chemical and physical properties can be deposited on the shaped bodies to form the walls.

Abstract: A thin-walled elastic envelope or mold element is arranged within a divisible outer supporting mold of porous material and a vacuum is applied to the outer supporting mold. Thereupon powdered metal or ceramic is introduced into the elastic mold element and the mold element is closed and pressurized to form a preform. The preform is then subjected to cold isostatic pressurization which is applied to the outer surface of the elastic mold element. Prior to the cold isostatic pressurization, the vacuum applied to the outer supporting mold is terminated and a vacuum is produced within the elastic mold element.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for encapsulating a ceramic moulding, preferably a silicon ceramic moulding such that the encapsulated mouldings can be subjected to hot isostatic pressing without causing the pressure-transfer medium to penetrate into the pores of the moulding. Encapsulation is achieved by first evacuating the moulding, then filling it with nitrogen gas and thereafter immersing it in a silicon (Si) melt. In a preferred aspect the moulding is filled with nitrogen gas under positive pressure. Once the silicon melt has been deposited, pressure can be allowed to act on it externally.

Abstract: A process for the production of high temperature-resistant metallic components with finely porous walls through which there can diffuse a cooling medium. The component is formed of an alloy capable of oriented eutectic solidification, and is cooled in a controlled mode after short-term sintering so as to form needles or rods extending perpendicular to the wall surfaces, and which are then etched out so as to provide cooling medium passageways.

Abstract: A hot isostatic press comprising a working vessel, formed of at least two pieces, having a working chamber within it. The working medium supplied to the working chamber, for transmitting pressure to work pieces within the chamber, may be a molten metal. Heating means within the vessel and cooling means at the exterior of the vessel cooperate to produce a continuous isothermal region completely surrounding the working chamber. The isothermal region is at the solidification temperature of the metal working medium, so that any potential leaks of molten metal working medium from the vessel are sealed by solidification of metal reaching the isothermal region. There is a heat-resistant liner within the vessel, the isothermal region being within the liner. A storage vessel for the working medium and a high pressure vessel, which may be a plunger pump, are connected to each other and to the working vessel through conduits furnished with valves.

Abstract: For the encapsulation of a molded ceramic member for high-temperature isostatic pressing, the molded member, which preferably is of silicon ceramic, is covered with a dense surface coating of an Si melt. Thereafter, the coating is exposed to an N.sub.2 atmosphere at a temperature of within about 800.degree. to 1400.degree. C. for so long until the Si coating is converted into a Si.sub.3 N.sub.4 coating.