Abstract: The invention relates to a polyvinylammonium compound, to a method of manufacturing said compound, to an aqueous acidic solution containing at least said Polyvinylammonium compound for electrolytically depositing a copper deposit as well as to a method of electrolytically depositing a copper deposit using said aqueous acidic solution, said polyinylammonium compound corresponding to the general chemical formula (1): as well as to polyvinylammonium compounds of the general chemical formula (1), wherein one of the monomer units or both having indices I and m are present in the neutral form.

Abstract: For the reproducible manufacturing of particularly uniform and brilliant i.e., highly bright copper coatings that are leveled and ductile as well, a copper plating bath is utilized that contains as an additive a mixture of oligomeric phenazinium compounds. The mixture contains at least one phenazinium compound selected from the group comprising compounds containing two monomeric units and compounds containing three monomeric units having the general chemical formulae <I> and <II> set forth in the patent claims and in the specification as well as further oligomeric phenazinium compounds.

Abstract: For manufacturing particularly uniform and mirror bright copper coatings that are leveled and ductile as well using a relatively high current density, halogenated or pseudohalogenated monomeric pheanzinium compounds or a purity at least 85 mole-% and having the general chemical formula (I) are utilized in which R1, R2, R3, R4, R7?, R7?, R8, R9, X and A have the significations denoted in the claims. The compounds are prepared by diazotizing a suited starting compound prior to halogenating or pseudohalogenating it in the presence of mineral acid, diazotization means and halide or pseudohalide, with the reaction steps being run in one single vessel.

Abstract: The invention relates to a polyvinylammonium compound, to a method of manufacturing said compound, to an aqueous acidic solution containing at least said Polyvinylammonium compound for electrolytically depositing a copper deposit as well as to a method of electrolytically depositing a copper deposit using said aqueous acidic solution, said polyinylammonium compound corresponding to the general chemical formula (1): as well as to polyvinylammonium compounds of the general chemical formula (1), wherein one of the monomer units or both having indices l and m are present in the neutral form.

Abstract: The aqueous acidic solution for electrolytically depositing high polish, decorative bright, smooth and level copper coatings on large area metal or plastic parts contains a) at least one oxygen-containing, high molecular additive and b) at least one water soluble sulfur compound, wherein the solution additionally contains c) at least one aromatic halogen derivative having the general formula (I), wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 are each independently radicals selected from the group comprising hydrogen, aldehyde, acetyl, hydroxyls, hydroxyalkyl having 1-4 carbon atoms, alkyl having 1-4 carbon atoms and halogen, with the proviso that the number of residues R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 which are halogen ranges from 1 to 5.

Abstract: The plating bath for the deposition of satin nickel deposits according to the present invention contains at least one quarternary ammonium compound and at least one polyether, the at least one polyether having at least one strongly hydrophobic side chain. As compared to prior art plating baths, this acid plating bath has the advantage that it enables a long period of operation or heating and cooling cycles or filtration cycles, makes it possible to perform the filtration needed for continually operating the bath without using active carbon, requires a lower concentration of nickel than prior art baths to produce the satin gloss finish and has a reduced sensitivity to wetting agents that have been dragged in.

Abstract: For manufacturing particularly uniform and mirror bright copper coatings that are leveled and ductile as well using a relatively high current density, halogenated or pseudohalogenated monomeric pheanzinium compounds or a purity at least 85 mole-% and having the general chemical formula (I) are utilized in which R1, R2, R3, R4, R7?, R7?, R8, R9, X and A have the significations denoted in the claims. The compounds are prepared by diazotizing a suited starting compound prior to halogenating or pseudohalogenating it in the presence of mineral acid, diazotization means and halide or pseudohalide, with the reaction steps being run in one single vessel.

Abstract: For the reproducible manufacturing of particularly uniform and brilliant i.e., highly bright copper coatings that are leveled and ductile as well, a copper plating bath is utilized that contains as an additive a mixture of oligomeric phenazinium compounds. The mixture contains at least one phenazinium compound selected from the group comprising compounds containing two monomeric units and compounds containing three monomeric units having the general chemical formulae <I> and <II> set forth in the patent claims and in the specification as well as further oligomeric phenazinium compounds.

Abstract: In order to achieve an even satin-finished nickel or nickel alloy coating an acid nickel or nickel alloy electroplating bath is proposed which contains a sulfosuccinic acid compound of the general formula I additional to at least one quaternary ammonium compound, wherein R1, R2=hydrogen ion, alkali ion, alkaline earth ion, ammonium ion and/or C1-C18 hydrocarbon moiety, wherein R1 and R2 are identical or different with the proviso that at the most one of the groups R1 and R2=hydrogen ion, alkali ion and alkaline earth ion, and wherein K+=hydrogen ion, alkaline ion, alkaline earth ion, ammonium ion

Abstract: The plating bath for the deposition of satin nickel deposits according to the present invention contains at least one quarternary ammonium compound and at least one polyether, the at least one polyether having at least one strongly hydrophobic side chain. As compared to prior art plating baths, this acid plating bath has the advantage that it enables a long period of operation or heating and cooling cycles or filtration cycles, makes it possible to perform the filtration needed for continually operating the bath without using active carbon, requires a lower concentration of nickel than prior art baths to produce the satin gloss finish and has a reduced sensitivity to wetting agents that have been dragged in.

Abstract: In order to achieve an even satin-finished nickel or nickel alloy coating an acid nickel or nickel alloy electroplating bath is proposed which contains a sulfosuccinic acid compound of the general formula I additional to at least one quaternary ammonium compound, wherein R1, R2=hydrogen ion, alkali ion, alkaline earth ion, ammonium ion and/or C1-C18 hydrocarbon moiety, wherein R1 and R2 are identical or different with the proviso that at the most one of the groups R1 and R2=hydrogen ion, alkali ion and alkaline earth ion, and wherein K+=hydrogen ion, alkaline ion, alkaline earth ion, ammonium ion.

Abstract: For the uniform electrolytic deposition of copper coatings, especially on printed circuit boards, an aqueous deposition bath is used which contains as constituents at least one source of copper ions, at least one compound increasing the electrical conductivity of the deposition bath as well as at least one additive, at least one transformation product, formed from epihalohydrins, dihalohydrins or respectively 1-halogen-2,3-propanediols and polyamidoamines being contained as the additive. The polyamidoamines are formed by the condensation reaction of dicarboxylic acids with polyalkylene polyamines. When copper coatings are deposited from this bath, copper layers of uniform layer thickness can be deposited.

Abstract: A process with the following process steps is used to electrolytically deposit copper layers, especially on printed circuit boards. An electrically-conductive substrate and anodes that decompose upon electrolytic deposition are brought into contact with a deposition bath. The deposition bath contains copper ions, compounds that increase the electrical conductivity of the deposition bath, additives to influence the material properties of the copper layers, additional compounds of an electrochemically reversible redox system, and solvents or solvent mixtures. The substrate and the electrodes are connected to a power supply. The copper layers are deposited on the substrate using a pulsed current or a pulsed voltage process. When this process is used, metal layers with favorable visual and mechanical material properties are deposited after a brief bath preparation time.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the electrolytic deposition of metal coatings, in particular of copper coatings with certain physical-mechanical and optical properties and uniform coating thickness. According to known methods using soluble anodes and applying direct current, only uneven metal distribution can be attained on complex shaped workpieces. By using a pulse current or pulse voltage method, the problem of the coatings being of varying thickness at various places on the workpiece surfaces can indeed be reduced. However, the further problem of the geometric ratios being changed continuously during the depositing process by dissolving of the anodes is not resolved thus. This can be avoided by using insoluble anodes.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for electrolytically depositing a uniform metal layer onto a workpiece is provided. The workpiece, for example a circuit board, serves as a cathode. The anode is insoluble and dimensionally stable. Both anode and cathode are immersed in a plating solution contained in an electrolytic container. The solution includes (a) ions of the metal to be deposited on the workpiece, (b) an additive substance for controlling physical-mechanical properties of the metal to be deposited, such as brightness, and (c) an electro-chemically reversible redox couple forming oxidizing compounds when contacting the anode. A metal-ion generator is provided, supplying metal parts of the metal to be deposited onto the workpiece; The plating solution is circulated between the container and the ion generator for maintaining a reaction between the oxidizing compounds and the metal parts for forming metal ions.

Abstract: An aqueous acid bath for galvanic precipitation of copper is disclosed. The copper plating composition comprises at least one polymer phenazonium compound and .beta.-naphtholalkoxylate. A method for using such a bath for deposition of copper coatings is also disclosed. The resultant copper coatings are smooth and bright with substantially no fine roughness or pitting.

Abstract: An aqueous acid bath for the galvanic deposition of bright, ductile and smooth copper coats which is suitable for decorative purposes as well as for strengthening the conductors of printed circuits. The bath is characterized by a content of polyalkylene glycol ether. When combined with thio compounds containing water-soluble groups, these additions produce an electrolyte with excellent stability. Polymeric phenazonium compounds, polymeric nitrogen compounds and/or thio compounds containing nitrogen may also be successfully combined, in addition, depending on the desired properties.

Abstract: The invention concerns acid nickel baths containing 1-(2-sulfoethyl)-pyridinium betaine

Abstract: The aqueous acidic bath for electrochemical deposition of a shiny and tear-free copper coating, especially for reinforcement of conductive pathways of a printed circuit with outstanding breaking elongation, contains at least one copper salt, at least one inorganic acid and at least one alkoxylated lactam as an amide-group-containing compound. The aqueous acidic bath also includes, as necessary, a compound having a chloride ion, a sulfur-containing organic compound with a solubilizing group and another organic compound selected from a group including polyglycols defined in more detail hereinbelow in Table III.

Abstract: In a method for an automatic control of the galvanic deposition of copper coatings in acid copper bath by measuring a maximal current density and a continual dosing of gloss additives to the bath, the maximal current density is measured by cyclically measuring an actual voltage in the bath and compensating for eventual deviations of the actual voltage from the nominal value by an automatic dosing of the additives by means of dosing devices.