Abstract: Process for the preparation of modified phenolic resins in which the starting components used for preparation of these modified phenolic resins are subjected to a condensation reaction under pressure and in the presence of an inert organic solvent which forms an azeotrope with water, and in which the water is removed from the reaction mixture continuously by azeotropic distillation. An improved space/time yield is achieved by this pressure distillation.

Abstract: Process for the manufacture of resinous products which comprises(a) reacting in a first step, at least one natural resinic acid with 7.5 to 12% by weight, referred to the weight of the natural resinic acids, of a polymeric formaldehyde at a superatmospheric pressure and at a temperature of from 100.degree. to 200.degree. C.,(b) in a second stage, increasing the temperature to at least 200.degree. C., but by at least 20.degree. C., and continuing the reaction at atmospheric pressure to yield a partial esterified product having an acid number of 115 to 135,(c) reacting the reaction product obtained from (b) at a temperature of at least 200.degree. C. with an amount of an alkaline-reacting calcium compound sufficient to yield a partial calcium salt having a calcium content of from 3.

Abstract: A composition for use as a binder in a non-aqueous printing ink which comprises a modified hydrocarbon resin containing carboxylic acid units, the carboxylic groups of which are partially esterified with a polyhydric alcohol in such an amount that the modified hydrocarbon resin product contains from 0.01 to 0.7 ester groups of polyhydric alcohol based on each acid group originally present and a process for its preparation.