Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for signal path biasing in an electronic system (e.g., a memory system) are described. In one example, a memory device, a host device, or both may be configured to bias a signal path, between an idle state and an information transfer or between an information transfer and an idle state, to an intermediate or mid-bias voltage level, which may reduce signal interference associated with such transitions. In various examples, the described biasing to a voltage, such as a mid-bias voltage, may be associated with an access command or other command for information to be communicated between devices of the electronic system, such as a command for information to be communicated between a memory device and a host device.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for channel modulation for a memory device are described. A system may include a memory device and a host device coupled with the memory device. The system may be configured to communicate a first signal modulated using a first modulation scheme and communicate a second signal that is based on the first signal and that is modulated using a second modulation scheme. The first modulation scheme may include a first quantity of voltage levels that span a first range of voltages, and the second modulation scheme may include a second quantity of voltage levels that span a second range of voltages different than (e.g., smaller than) the first range of voltages. The first signal may include write data carried over a data channel, and the second signal may include error detection information based on the write data that is carried over an error detection channel.

Abstract: Systems, apparatuses, and methods for transmission failure feedback associated with a memory device are described. A memory device may detect errors in received data and transmit an indication of the error when detected. The memory device may receive data and checksum information for the data from a controller. The memory device may generate a checksum for the received data and may detect transmission errors. The memory device may transmit an indication of detected errors to the controller, and the indication may be transmitted using a line that is different than an error detection code (EDC) line. A low-speed tracking clock signal may also be transmitted by the memory device over a line different than the EDC line. The memory device may transmit a generated checksum to the controller with a time offset applied to the checksum signaled over the EDC line.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for error detection, error correction, and error management by memory devices are described. Programmable thresholds may be configured for a memory device based on a type of data or a location of stored data, among other aspects. For example, a host device may configure a threshold quantity of errors for data at a memory device. When retrieving the data, the memory device may track or count errors in the data and determine whether the threshold has been satisfied. The memory device may transmit (e.g., to the host device) an indication whether the threshold has been satisfied, and the system may perform functions to correct the errors and/or prevent further errors. The memory device may also identify errors in received commands or may identify errors introduced in data after the data was received (e.g., using an error detecting code associated with a command or bus).

Abstract: A truck for a railway vehicle has a truck frame with four individual wheels, which are mounted so that they can rotate around horizontal axles, and whereby one wheel pair is driven. To be able to negotiate tight curves with minimal wear, maximum safety and low construction costs, and to be able to achieve higher speeds on straight segments of track, the driven wheel pair can be steered radially with respect to the curve around a common vertical axis as a function of a setpoint determined by a sensor system, while the non-driven individual wheels are combined into a self-steering individual wheel module so that they can each pivot around their own vertical axes, and can be coupled together so that they are synchronized by means of a steering device.

Abstract: The body of a rail vehicle is lowered when it is stationary to facilitate ingress and egress. The body is raised in preparation for motion to provide satisfactory road clearance. In one embodiment of the invention, a lifting cylinder, in series with a supplementary spring, is extended during travel, and is contracted when the rail vehicle is stopped. In other embodiments, a hydraulic cylinder, either alongside, or coaxial with the supplementary spring, compresses the supplementary spring when the rail vehicle is stopped. In a further embodiment, the hydraulic cylinder is replaced with an electromechanical adjusting element such as a screw drive. A control system, preferably actuated by unlocking and locking of the door opening lock, actuates the lowering and raising of the body.

Abstract: A bogie for rail vehicles, in particular a driven bogie, with a bogie frame, includes two or more wheelset units each of which comprises at least one drive unit and/or brake unit. The wheeset units are connected with the bogie frame via a primary suspension. A secondary suspension connects a vehicle body with the bogie frame. A rigid connecting link extends from at least one of the wheelset units for connecting the bogie to the vehicle body. The rigid connecting link is coupled to the wheelset unit at its virtual center of rotation. Where practical, the center of rotation and the center of mass are coincident to minimize the moment of inertia of the wheelset units.

Abstract: Rail vehicle with at least two car bodies wherein at or near their connecting point a truck is provided which carries both car bodies, wherein furthermore an intermediate link is arranged between the car bodies, and one car body is rotatably mounted at the intermediate link about a lateral axis, and the other car body is rotatably mounted at the intermediate link about a vertical axis.

Abstract: In a bogie for rail vehicles, in particular a driven bogie, with a bogie frame, two or more wheelset units which may comprise at least one drive unit and/or brake unit, connected with the bogie frame via a primary suspension, and a secondary suspension for connecting a vehicle body with the bogie frame, a rigid connecting link extends from at least one of the wheelset units for connecting the bogie to the vehicle body. The rigid connecting link is coupled to the wheelset unit at its inertial pole or center of mass.

Abstract: A bogie for rail vehicles, particularly commuter or short-haul vehicles, has two wheel sets spaced apart in the direction of travel. One wheel set is mounted upon a wheel mounting frame which is coupled to a tranverse member of the bogie frame by way of an intermediate beam member. The arrangement is such that a lateral force applied to one wheel of the set by a curved rail will be translated into a rotational force to rotate the wheel mounting frame and therewith the wheel set, to negate the aforesaid lateral force. Such an arrangement reduces wheel flange wear and the risk of derailment.

Abstract: A wheel set guidance for trucks of rail vehicles, especially commuter traffic vehicles. To have a continuously extending floor on as low a level as possible, a truck with free wheels is proposed where the free wheels are mounted in pedestal bearings that are connected with a frame structure that is connected to the truck frame in such a way as to be pivotable in a vertical direction. One of the wheel sets can be driven, with the free wheels thereof being connected in a twist-resistant manner via gear arrangement, so that from a motion standpoint the same effect is achieved as if the driven wheel set were connected with a rigid wheel set shaft, but without this shaft being in the way of the floor, so that a vehicle equipped with this truck can have a continuously extending floor on a low level.