Abstract: A spacer for automatic parallel aligning and clamping of the blades in a gang saw which uses spacer plates which are trapezoidally enlarged toward their top and bottom edges. The supporting inner surface of the frame portion is designed as clamping mouth bevelled to fit the spacer configuration.

Abstract: In an apparatus and method for producing packs of blades used for cutting ystal bars into discs, the individual blades are first aligned in the position desired by an assembling jig and then fixed at the end portions thereof by fixing agents, whereby the assembling jig is then removed and the pack of blades is clamped in the holding frame of the reciprocating saw. The apparatus and method makes possible a quick and uncomplicated production of the pack of blades, and eliminates the need for small spacer plates that were hitherto common.

Abstract: In the multiple lap-cutting of crystal blocks, the blade excursion is shortened continuously by a connection between the rotating drive crankhead and the connecting rod system which transmits the force to the gang saw which is moved toward the center of the drive crankhead during the sawing process.

Abstract: A photographic copying machine wherein each of the three color filters comprises several triangular sectors which are pivotable about parallel axes into and from the path of copying light between first positions outside of the path, second positions of full overlap with the path and a finite or infinite number of intermediate positions. The pulleys for the sectors of each filter are rotatable by a discrete endless cord or cable which is further trained over a wheel receiving torque from a crank drive designed to move the sectors into the path of the light beam through progressively greater angles during movement from the second toward the first positions and through progressively smaller angles during movement from the first to the second positions under the action of a reversible stepping motor so that the crank drive can compensate for the lack of linearity between the filtering action of the sectors and the extent to which they project into the path of copying light.

Abstract: A cassette for winding a band-like photographic material has housing with a slot for introducing the material, a driven winding core having an endless band tensioned by a plurality of rollers and arranged to place the front of the material onto the winding core, and two lever arms pivotable about pivot axes which are parallel to the winding core axis, carrying at their ends guiding rollers and coupled with one another via the endless band, wherein one of the lever arms is connected with a spring element so that the lever arms in an initial condition assume a first position in which said endless band widely embraces the winding spool, and during further winding upon overcoming a dead point of the spring element the lever arms assume a second position in which the endless band is brought out of the region of a greatest possible spool.

Abstract: A device which removes dust and/or other impurities from photographic films, records or other data carriers has one or more brushes whose bristles sweep along the surface or surfaces of a data carrier while the data carrier moves relative to the bristles and/or vice versa. The electrostatic charge which develops as a result of frictional engagement between the data carrier and the bristles is led away by providing each brush with bristles at least some of which consist of conductive material and are grounded via electrodes which contact the tips of the bristles and/or by way of the core of each brush.