Abstract: This application concerns methods and apparatus for performing a quantum algorithm of logical qubits. The quantum algorithm is performed on a quantum system of physical qubits. The method includes providing a quantum system comprising a plurality of physical qubits in a spatial arrangement. The number of physical qubits is larger than the number of logical qubits. The logical qubits are encoded into physical qubits. A physical qubit represents either the parity of two or more logical qubits or a single logical qubit. Constraint-fulfilling sets of physical qubits fulfil constraints and each constraint-fulfilling set comprises a number of physical qubits such that every logical qubit is represented by zero or an even number of physical qubits in that set. The method includes enabling quantum interactions between logical qubits by performing quantum interactions on physical qubits. Further, at least a portion of the physical qubits is measured to obtain a readout.

Abstract: An assembly for a fluid-filled piston-cylinder unit comprises a main body having an assembly longitudinal axis (24), a valve unit integrated in the main body and having an overflow channel, which valve unit seals the overflow channel when the assembly is moved along the assembly longitudinal axis in a first direction and releases the overflow channel, in dependence on the fluid pressure, when the assembly is moved along the assembly longitudinal axis in a second direction. Furthermore, the assembly comprises an outer seal element that is arranged on the main body so as to be moved along the assembly longitudinal axis, for abutting in a sealing manner against an inner surface of the housing, and at least one undercut element formed on the main body for engaging in an interlocking manner behind a mating element of the piston-cylinder unit.

Abstract: Submerged nozzle (1) through which molten steel can be poured from a tundish into a mould, said nozzle comprising: a substantially tubular body (2), extending from a first end (3) to a second end (4); a passageway (5), extending through the tubular body (2) along a longitudinal axis (A) from the first end (3) towards the second end (4); at least one inlet port (6), opening into the passageway (5) at said first end (3); a plurality of outlet ports (8), opening into the passageway (5) in a region (7) adjacent to the second end (4); and at least one rotatable insert (10); whereas the submerged nozzle (1) with the at least one rotatable insert (10) is configured that a molten metal entering the submerged nozzle (1) at the at least one inlet port (6) flows through the passageway (5) and around the rotatable insert (10) and exits the submerged entry nozzle (1) via the plurality of outlet ports (8), such that a rotation of the rotatable insert (10) is driven by the stream of molten metal.

Abstract: The invention concerns a stopper rod and a method to provide a uniform gas curtain around a stopper rod.