Abstract: A method and device for registering electrical consumption and generation in an energy management network has at least one energy management unit, and, in a power distribution system, a number of electrical consumers or consumer groups and a number of generators are interconnected with the aid of assigned components in the form of switching elements and energy meters, which are influenced or analyzed by the energy management unit, as a function of the purchase price and the feed-in remuneration.

Abstract: The invention relates to a fuel cell system (1, 2) having at least one or more fuel cells (10, 30), wherein the fuel cell (10, 30) extends between a first cell end (10a, 30a) and a second cell end (10b, 30b) in a tubular shape, and wherein the fuel cell (10, 30) is mechanically received with the first cell end (10a, 30a) on an inflow distributor unit (11, 33), and wherein a fuel gas flows through the fuel cell (10, 30), the gas entering the first cell end (10a, 30a) and exiting one of the cell ends (10a, 10b, 30a, 30b) as exhaust gas. According to the invention, means (12, 16, 18, 32) are provided which suction at least a part of the exhaust gas exiting the fuel cell (10) and feed said gas to the inflow distributor unit (11, 33) for recirculation.

Abstract: The subject of the present invention relates to a method and a protector for reducing degradation of fuel cell systems at transitions in operation, in particular at electrodes or catalysts in a combustion chamber of a stack of a PEM fuel cell system in startup and shutoff events of the fuel cell system. A switchable material delivery device is provided for varying a delivery of material to the fuel cell system, so that a transition from a first state of the fuel cell system to a second state of the fuel cell system can be initiated, such that a potential difference between different electrodes can be effected. At least one reducing mechanism is provided for reducing the potential difference between the different electrodes during the transition, in which the reducing mechanism includes at least one compensating device for an unequal gas distribution by reducing the proportions causing degradation, to reduce degradation.

Abstract: A method and device for registering electrical consumption and generation in an energy management network has at least one energy management unit, and, in a power distribution system, a number of electrical consumers or consumer groups and a number of generators are interconnected with the aid of assigned components in the form of switching elements and energy meters, which are influenced or analyzed by the energy management unit, as a function of the purchase price and the feed-in remuneration.

Abstract: The invention relates to a fuel cell system (1, 2) having at least one or more fuel cells (10, 30), wherein the fuel cell (10, 30) extends between a first cell end (10a, 30a) and a second cell end (10b, 30b) in a tubular shape, and wherein the fuel cell (10, 30) is mechanically received with the first cell end (10a, 30a) on an inflow distributor unit (11, 33), and wherein a fuel gas flows through the fuel cell (10, 30), the gas entering the first cell end (10a, 30a) and exiting one of the cell ends (10a, 10b, 30a, 30b) as exhaust gas. According to the invention, means (12, 16, 18, 32) are provided which suction at least a part of the exhaust gas exiting the fuel cell (10) and feed said gas to the inflow distributor unit (11, 33) for recirculation.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for avoiding gaseous impurity inclusions in at least one gas chamber of a fuel cell during an idle period of the fuel cell through the production of a positive pressure in the at least one gas chamber. The method includes the steps producing educts that are supplied to the fuel cell for operation of the fuel cell during an operating mode, supplying the educts to the gas chamber so that the gas chamber is at least partially filled with the educts, and filling the gas chamber to produce a positive pressure in the gas chamber and thereby essentially avoiding gaseous impurity inclusions.

Abstract: The subject of the present invention relates to a method and a protector for reducing degradation of fuel cell systems at transitions in operation, in particular at electrodes or catalysts in a combustion chamber of a stack of a PEM fuel cell system in startup and shutoff events of the fuel cell system. A switchable material delivery device is provided for varying a delivery of material to the fuel cell system, so that a transition from a first state of the fuel cell system to a second state of the fuel cell system can be initiated, such that a potential difference between different electrodes can be effected. At least one reducing mechanism is provided for reducing the potential difference between the different electrodes during the transition, in which the reducing mechanism includes at least one compensating device for an unequal gas distribution by reducing the proportions causing degradation, to reduce degradation.

Abstract: Cement slurries for deep holes, with a content of copolymers which are composed of 5-95% by weight of groups of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 is hydrogen or methyl,R.sub.2 is C.sub.2 -C.sub.10 -alkylene andMe is ammonium, lithium, sodium or potassium, of 5-60% by weight of groups of the formula ##STR2## in which R.sub.3 is hydrogen, --CH.sub.3 or C.sub.2 H.sub.5 andR.sub.4 is --CH.sub.3 or C.sub.2 H.sub.5, orR.sub.3 and R.sub.4 together are a propylene group which, with incorporation of the radical ##STR3## forms a pyrrolidone radical, and of 0-90% by weight of groups of the formula ##STR4## in which R.sub.6 is hydrogen or methyl andR.sub.7 is carboxamido, carboxyl, cyano or carbomethoxy.These copolymers reduce the water loss of cement slurries which are required for deep holes.