Abstract: The present invention relates to relates to copolymers containing fluorine, aqueous compositions containing said copolymers, and the use of said copolymers and compositions for surface treatment.

Abstract: A process for making a pack filled with a tablet of active substance, by inserting a preformed pack-forming film integrally forming a holding cup a retaining mold, introducing a quantity of uncompressed active substance into the holding cup, compressing the active substance in the holding cup to form a compact tablet in the holding cup itself by means of a compression mold using the holder of the retaining mold as a support. A pack filled with an active substance in the form of a compact tablet, the pack having a film forming a holding cup, the tablet being accommodated in the holding cup, wherein an edge of the tablet at the bottom of the holding cup corresponds in its profile to the edge profile of the holding cup.

Abstract: The invention relates to an amorphous, transparently colored sheet having a thickness in the range from 1 to 20 mm, which comprises, as the main constituent, at least one crystallizable the thermoplastic and a dyestuff which is soluble in the thermoplastic, to a process for its production and to its use.

Abstract: The invention relates to a transparent, amorphous sheet having a thickness in the range from 1 to 20 mm which contains, as principal constituent, a crystallizable thermoplastic, where the surface gloss, measured in accordance with DIN 67530 (measurement angle 20°), is greater than 130, the light transmission, measured in accordance with ASTM D 1003, is greater than 84%, and the haze of the sheet, measured in accordance with ASTM D 1003, is less than 15%, to a process for the production of the sheet, and to the use of the sheet.

Abstract: The invention concerns a polyester film with improved abrasion resistance, dimensional stability, drawability and slip properties. The film is characterized by the fact that it contains 0.005 to 5.0% by weight of organic, preferably hardened or crosslinked, particles with narrow particle size distribution in a range between 0.01 and 5 microns, as well as a nucleating agent in an amount from 0.01 to 10% by weight, both values related to the weight of the polymers which form the film.

Abstract: An interference image of a biaxially stretched film strip 4 is generated optically. Streaks in the film strip are areas of different orientation and/or thickness d which are distinguished from the streakfree areas in the interference image by clearly different intensities. In order to generate the interference image, a light-source 1, a diffuser screen 2 and a polarizer 3 are arranged on one side of the film strip 4, and an analyzer 5 and a filter 6 are arranged on the other side of the film strip 4. The light beam of the light source 1 is polarized by the polarized 3 and, within the film (whose main refractive indices n.sub.1 and n.sub.2 have an angle of 45.degree. or 135.degree. respectively to the polarization plane) is split into two beams, oscillating perpendicularly to one another, which have a path difference .GAMMA.=(n.sub.1 -n.sub.2)d after emerging from the film.

Abstract: The invention concerns a polyester film with improved abrasion resistance, dimensional stability, drawability and slip properties. The film is characterized by the fact that it contains 0.005 to 5.0% by weight of organic, preferably hardened or crosslinked, particles with narrow particle size distribution in a range between 0.01 and 5 microns, as well as a nucleating agent in an amount from 0.01 to 10% by weight, both values related to the weight of the polymers which form the film.

Abstract: The orientation state of a film material is determined from the double refraction during the manufacturing process. A light source irradiates the film material to measure the path difference corresponding to the anisotropy of the film material. Interference patterns, created by one or more compensating wedges, are recorded by a photosensitive diode matrix. The individual electrical signals generated by the diode matrix are subjected to level discrimination by a discriminator and generated as binary images, each of which has a single interference stripe, which is evaluated. Interference patterns from different irradiation directions are simultaneously imaged next to each other and/or above one another. If an interference stripe cannot be found in a diode line, the system switches to the diode lines of the diode matrix which are above or below it. The thickness of the film material is measured and the double refraction calculated from it along with the path difference.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for optically generating a scatter pattern of a biaxially stretched foil web at at least two positions of the foil web in the longitudinal and/or transverse direction. The scatter pattern is, in particular, rotated by transverse stretching in relation to a principal orientation direction. This rotation causes a change of the optical anisotropy condition of the foil web. The magnitude of the rotation is measured and utilized for the regulation of the temperature of a temperature field for the thermal fixing of the foil web, the orientation condition of the molecule chains in the foil web being made uniform as a result of the regulation of the temperature field. In order to generate the scatter pattern, a light source and at least one polarizer are disposed on one side of the foil web and an analyzer is disposed on the other side of the foil web. The light beam from the light source is polarized by the polarizer and oscillates in a specific plane of oscillation.