Abstract: In a coke dry shaft cooler having a smaller receiving chamber, and therebelow, a larger cooling chamber, a wear-resistant inward projection is provided at the transition between the two chambers to overcome difficulties caused by uneven particle distribution within the cooler.

Abstract: An ignition burner and a pilot burner form part of an ignition system for a fluidized stream of finely-divided coal particles in a pressurized gasifier housing having a slag overflow pipe coupled to a discharge vessel. A fuel supply pipe delivers fuel for combustion by the ignition burner and the pilot burner. A sparkplug or hot wire is used to ignite the fuel delivered to the ignition burner. The flame produced by the ignition burner is widened by a baffle so that ignition by the pilot burner occurs to produce a flame which is monitored through a thermocouple. The parts forming the ignition system are carried by a pair of levers with pivots on the inner wall of a slag overflow pipe for movement between an operative position wherein the ignition burner is situated near the slag-receiving opening of the overflow pipe and an inoperative position wherein the ignition burner is protected from contact by slag and radiation heating.

Abstract: Coke is dry cooled in a shaft-like cooler by gases conveyed through the coke. The cooler comprises a top antechamber below a charging opening, a cooling chamber under the antechamber and having a gas inlet and a coke outlet at the bottom end. Between the antechamber and the cooling chamber, there is a cylindrical wall having a gas inlet. The cooling chamber is divided by radial walls which abut a central masonry core and divide the chamber into three shaft-like chambers to insure uniform descending of the coke. A prop is placed at the center of each component shaft for deflecting the descending coke from a central region. Cooling gas is supplied through a pipe having a downwardly-directed opening below a central masonry core. Additional cooling gas is supplied by an annular chamber surrounding a cone at a coke outlet of the cooling chamber.

Abstract: A pneumatic conveying pipe extending through fine-grained material in a psurized storage tank and having ports in its side wall through which fine-grained material is forced by pressure in the storage tank. After being forced through the ports, the fine-grained material is conveyed along the pipe by an airstream. An annular valve abuts the inner periphery of the conveying pipe and is movable along the axis of the pipe from a position where it covers the ports to a position where the ports are exposed.

Abstract: A system is provided for cooling high-temperature, high-pressure gasifiers having cooling tubes which extend vertically through the walls of the gasifier and are connected in a closed cooling water circulation system.In accordance with the invention, the cooling tubes are coated on the inside of the gasifier with a plasma or flame sprayed ceramic coating, preferably consisting of alumina, and are embedded in a ramming compound such as tamped clay.

Abstract: A system for detecting faults in the wall of a high-temperature pressure vessel, such as a fuel gasifier. The wall comprises an outer metallic shell having an inner refractory lining, together with cooling tubes extending along the refractory lining. In order to detect a fault, such as a rupture in a cooling tube and resultant melting of the refractory in the vicinity of the fault, one or more electrical conductors are embedded in the refractory and connected at their opposite ends to an external energizing circuit such that when the refractory melts, so also will the conductor, thereby breaking the circuit to indicate the existence of the fault.

Abstract: A stream of hot primary gas rising from the gasification region in a slag bath generator passes through an after-gasification region and thence into a cooling region. The stream of hot gas is cooled in the cooling region by injecting purified and cooled primary gas through tangentially-arranged nozzles at an outlet velocity of between 1 and 8 meters per second. Below the tangentially-arranged nozzles, other gas-cooling nozzles inject cooled and purified primary gas into the hot gas stream upwardly at an angle within 10.degree.-60.degree. , preferably at 45.degree. and at an outlet velocity of between 10 and 160 meters per second. The upwardly-inclined gas injection nozzles are carried by the inner wall of an annular duct. The inner wall extends between a lining of cooling tubes surrounding the vertical gas flow space.

Abstract: Iron ore pellets on a grid in a treatment chamber are hardened by contact with a heat treated, low calorific gas. The gas is generated in the gasification chamber of a slag bath generator. The generator receives a gasification agent and solid fuel that preferably further includes sulfur-binding materials, such as dolomite for generating a stream of low calorific gas. Inclined water-cooled pipes at the upper end of the slag bath generator extract liquid slag from the gas stream. The slag drips from the pipes into the slag bath generator. A mixing chamber receives the gas at a temperature of about 1450.degree. C passed beyond the inclined water-cooled pipes together with an air supply for heat treating the gas to a temperature of about 1100.degree. C. The heat treated gas is then passed into the treatment chamber for hardening the iron ore pellets contained therein.

Abstract: A system for cooling high-temperature gasifiers and method for its operation wherein cooling conduits extend vertically through the walls of the gasifier and are connected at their ends to a closed-water circulation system which incorporates heat exchangers for removing heat from the system. Boiling in the system is prevented, and good heat transfer characteristics are achieved, by maintaining a high pressure system, at least 40 bar, coupled with a flow velocity of between 5 and 7 meters per second at a maximum internal diameter of the cooling conduits of 51 millimeters. Means are provided for maintaining the temperature of the water exiting from the cooling conduits at least 10.degree. C below the boiling point at the pressure and flow rate of the system.

Abstract: Fine-grain fuel is delivered from pressure vessels with a vehicle gas as a fluidized flow into a reactor for gasification at an elevated pressure. A gaseous gasification agent is also fed into the reactor. A control system for the fine-grain fuel and gasification agent includes detectors to provide an electrical signal which varies during feeding of fuel from the pressure vessels into the reactor. Controllers produce a fuel rate control signal corresponding to a comparison between the electrical signal from the detectors and a predetermined reference value corresponding to the desired fuel supply rate. Control valves respond to the fuel rate control signal to adjust the supply of vehicle gas to transfer fuel from the pressure vessels into the reactor.

Abstract: A process for gasification of pulverized or fine-grain coal is characterized by using a portion of the combustible gas generated at a temperature between 1500.degree. and 2200.degree. C in a slag bath generator as a gaseous agent that is mixed with the coal and then introduced under pressure into the slag bath generator. The portion of the combustible gas to be used for this purpose undergoes processing which includes extracting dust, cooling and drying before the gas is combined with the fuel. According to a different embodiment, the combustible gas produced in the generator is used in the reduction process by feeding the gas into a reduction shaft furnace. The top gas from the shaft furnace is processed by extracting dust, cooling, drying and normalizing the acidity of the top gas before the top gas is combined with fuel for introduction as a mixture into the slag bath generator.

Abstract: The high temperature gasification of solid fuel or mixtures of solid and liquid fuels is carried out by a method and apparatus wherein the gasified product from a high temperature gasification chamber having a slag bath therein is fed into a first dust collector. Gases, including vapors or aerosols, are fed from the dust collector into a waste heat boiler to reduce the temperature of the gases down to about 250.degree. C. The solids which essentially include flue coke are discharged from the dust collector into a separate heat exchanger wherein the temperature of the solids is reduced down to about 200.degree. C. The cooled solids and the cooled gases are fed into an absorption chamber wherein for a period of 1 to 10 seconds, the aerosols are absorbed into the flue coke. The absorption chamber is connected to a second dust collector that separates the gases from the flue coke having the absorbed aerosols.

Abstract: A control system maintains a predetermined volumetric ratio between fine-particle fuel and a gasification agent which are fed separately into a reactor wherein the fuel is gasified under pressure. The control system includes a first measuring means responsive to the absorption of electromagnetic radiation by the fine-particle fuel in a fuel-feed line for producing a fuel-feed signal corresponding to the volumetric amount of fuel conducted by the line. A vehicle gas-feed signal is produced by a second measuring means in response to the volumetric amount of vehicle gas conducted by a line into the fuel-feed line for admixture with the fuel therein. Computing means is responsive to the fuel-feed signal and the vehicle gas-feed signal to produce a control signal according the expression:U.sub.1 . (U.sub.2 - U.sub.v)for all values of U.sub.2 greater than U.sub.v where U.sub.1 corresponds to the reciprocal of the fuel-feed signal, U.sub.2 corresponds to the vehicle gas-feed signal and U.sub.

Abstract: Nozzles introduce jet streams of fine-grain fuel and a gasification medium downwardly toward the surface of a slag bath at the bottom of a cylindrical reactor shaft within a vessel to impinge upon the surface of liquid slag which is discharged through a centrally-arranged overflow in the bottom of the vessel. The nozzles are arranged at an angle within a range of 35.degree. to 40.degree. with respect to the horizontal and positioned so that the jet streams impinge upon the surface of the slag at points defined by a plurality of concentric circles with respect to the overflow to circulate and produce a resulting movement of the liquid slag toward the overflow while maintaining a high temperature and homogeneous slag bath. The nozzles are further positioned so that an angle of about 10.degree. is defined between each jet stream and a vertical tangential plane to the concentric circle at the point where the jet stream impinges.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for gasifying fine-grained fuel, e.g., coal and a gasifying medium, e.g., oxygen in a slag bath generator. The fine-grained fuel and gasifying medium are injected at a downwardly-inclined angle to tangentially impinge with a turbulent rotary motion upon a slag bath in the lower end of a vertically-extending reactor shaft within a pressure vessel. A desired slag bath level is maintained in the bottom of the vessel by using an overflow to discharge slag from the bath through the bottom of the vessel. A first treatment zone for the high temperature gasification of the fuel is formed between the slag bath and a circular constriction to the reactor shaft. A second treatment zone for the final gasification of the fuel at a lower temperature as compared with the temperature in the first treatment zone extends above the circumferential constriction along the reactor shaft. Fuel and gases passing through the circumferential constriction are essentially free of a turbulent rotary motion.

Abstract: Fine-grain fuel is carbonized at a low temperature by feeding the fuel from a hopper downwardly into the gap formed between two vertically-arranged, plate-type conveyors. The plates of each conveyor move downwardly while their back face surfaces bear against the wall of a heating chamber. The position of the heating chambers is controlled to maintain a narrow gap, e.g., 10-30 millimeters between the plates of the conveyors. The conveyors and heating chambers are located within a container wherein a pressure of up to 100 bars is maintained and a clear gas is passed countercurrently to the downward advancement of the fuel in the gap between the conveyors. Breaker rollers below the conveyors subdivide the carbonized fuel issuing from the gap for passage into a gasification chamber. Part of the gas yield is used as fuel for the heating chambers.