Abstract: A method for laser beam machining of a workpiece in which a laser beam is focused by an objective, into or onto the workpiece having a boundary surface, to produce a machining effect by a two-photon process, and the position of the focal point with respect to the workpiece is shifted. To obtain a reference for the position of the focal point, an image of a luminating modulation object is projected through the objective onto the workpiece into the focal plane or so as to intersect it. Reflections of the image occurring at the boundary surface are imaged into an autofocus image plane, and are detected by a camera. The camera image plane either intersects the autofocus image plane when the image of the illuminating modulation object lies in the focal plane, or lies in the autofocus image plane when the image of the modulation object intersects the focal plane.

Abstract: A method for laser beam machining of a workpiece in which a laser beam is focused by an objective, into or onto the workpiece having a boundary surface, to produce a machining effect by a two-photon process, and the position of the focal point with respect to the workpiece is shifted. To obtain a reference for the position of the focal point, an image of a luminating modulation object is projected through the objective onto the workpiece into the focal plane or so as to intersect it. Reflections of the image occurring at the boundary surface are imaged into an autofocus image plane, and are detected by a camera. The camera image plane either intersects the autofocus image plane when the image of the illuminating modulation object lies in the focal plane, or lies in the autofocus image plane when the image of the modulation object intersects the focal plane.

Abstract: An arrangement for the detection of biomolecular reactions and interactions using the RS screening method and comprises a specimen plate or microtiter plate (PP or MTP), a white light source with subsequently arranged illumination beam path, a splitter plate on which the PP or the MTP is set for generating a detection beam path, and optical means for imaging the measurement beam path and reference beam path on a spatially resolving detector array of a CCD camera which is connected with an evaluating unit or with a computer for determining measurement values.

Abstract: To form a pipe fitting (90) having a body (92) formed with at least one outer bulge (93) defining an inner circumferential groove (93a), in which a sealing ring (93b) can be located, so that the fitting, upon circumferential compression, can sealingly engage a pipe (91) inserted therein, a blank (11) is inserted into a two-part die, joined together at a severing plane. The die is formed with an annular recess or groove (7, 8). A mandrel is inserted in the pipe to maintain its inner diameter, and an upset member is forcibly moved against the end portions of the blank. The material of the blank (11) will flow into the annular groove (7, 8), thus forming the circumferential bulge (93). To accurately dimension and shape the resulting inner groove (93a), a roller element is inserted into the pipe, and rotated about itself, and additionally moved in an orbital or spiral path against the inner wall of the initially formed groove, to define its shape and size.

Abstract: A turret-type machine tool has a workpiece support that can be indexed incrementally by a step-drive and is locked to be stationary in angular positions corresponding to individual machining stations. In the individual machining stations, machining units are provided, each of them carrying a machining spindle. Workpiece holders are supported on the workpiece supports with planet axes located in at least one horizontal plane; the planet axes extend at a tangent to and radially spaced apart from the vertical switching axis of the workpiece support and are each aligned in pairs parallel to one another.

Abstract: In an automatic transfer machine tool with circular supply movement for workpieces to be sequentially worked on in respectively separate working stations (I-V), a stepwise indexable workpiece holder (10) is journalled on a center post (8), the workpiece holder (10) having clamping devices (11) arranged thereon for the workpieces.