Abstract: A spectrometric gas measurement apparatus for the determination of the presence and/or concentration of gases in a spatial region has a spectrometric measurement head which transmits into the spatial region measurement radiation having the spectral ranges necessary for the determination of the gases. Furthermore, a reflector is provided at the spatial region which reflects the light which is passed through at least a part of the spatial region back to the measurement head where it is split up spectrally in an analyzer and then supplied to a photoreceiver arrangement. A measurement tube extending in the direction of light propagation is provided in the spatial region through which the measurement light passes.

Abstract: An interferometric gas component measurement apparatus has a light source (27), a measurement path (30) which contains the gas components to be measured, a polarizer (11), a double refracting plate arranged with its optical axis at 45.degree. to the polarization direction, two doubly refracting plates (14, 20) arranged with their optical axes at 45.degree. to one another and an analyzer (13). The light which passes through the measurement path is concentrated into an output gap (32) and reflected via a holographic concave grid (33) onto a diode row (22). The thickness of the individual plates is so selected that specific linear combinations of the thicknesses result in phase displacements between the beams polarized perpendicular to one another in the plates, with these phase displacements corresponding to the reciprocal of the quasi-periodic line splitting of selected vibration and/or rotation bands of the gas molecules of the gas components to be measured.

Abstract: A gaseous mixture containing a number of molecular gases is analyzed to establish the amount of each individual gas by directing a light beam along a measurement path 11 through the gas. Each of the spectral component is selected to coincide with a respective vibrational-rotational-excitation band of one of the gases. The attenuation produced in each of the spectral components in its passage along the measurement path 11 serves as an indication of the concentration of the associated gas. The spectral components are generated either from distinct light sources 12, 13, 14 or are alternatively produced by spectral division of light from a multiple line or broad band source. Different marking frequencies f1, f2 and f3 are used to modulate each of the spectral components so that the signal received from the single photoelectric receiver 18 can be subsequently demodulated by three demodulators 19, 20, 21 to recover information relating to the individual spectral components.

Abstract: A yarn false twisting apparatus is disclosed which comprises a support bracket which mounts a pair of twist imparting circular discs, and drive means including a whorl rotatably mounted to the support bracket so as to be tangentially contacted by a drive belt mounted to the central frame of a twisting machine. The support bracket is mounted to the central frame for pivotal movement through 180 degrees to thereby permit selective operation in a first position wherein S twist is imparted to the yarn, and a second position wherein Z twist is imparted to the yarn. Preferably, one of the discs is composed of a thin flexible material, and a pressure applying member is mounted on the support bracket for biasing the flexible disc toward the other disc locally at the twisting zone.

Abstract: A multi-spindle double twist twisting machine having a belt drive assembly, a spindle frame formed to enclose the belt drive assembly, and traversing rod reciprocating means. The machine may be a horizontal spindle machine with two rows of spindles on each side. A beam mounted independently of the spindle frame extends along each side between rows and supports a drive belt for tangential driving contact with spindle whorls. The belts are commonly driven and reversing rolls are associated with one belt so that it travels opposite the other belt, and compensating rolls are associated with the other belt so that the belts may be of the same length. The spindle frame has two spaced support plates laterally outward of the belt drive assemblies and two cover plates secured to and extending between flanges on the support plates to form an enclosure for the belt drive assembly.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for conveying a plurality of parallel individual strands into a composite strand, each individual strand being conducted between a delivery means and a draw-off means in common to all strands, all of the individual strands as well as the composite strand having adjustable speeds, wherein means are provided for measuring, comparing and controlling the speeds and tensional forces in the individual strands and in the composite strand to ensure a high quality plied or composite strand.

Abstract: A dye laser employing a solution of: ##STR1## wherein R and R.sub.1 independently of one another represent hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl or aralkyl or can form, with R.sub.2 or R.sub.3, or with R.sub.4 or R.sub.5, a partially hydrogenated 5-membered or 6-membered heterocyclic ring, R.sub.2 - R.sub.5 independently of one another represent hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy or halogen or can form, with R or R.sub.1, a partially hydrogenated 5-membered or 6-membered heterocyclic ring,Me represents hydrogen, a monovalent or divalent metal cation, or the ammonium, monoalkylammonium, dialkylammonium or trialkylammonium radical, and m and n denote a number between 1 and 4,And whereinThe rings, A, B and C as well as the aliphatic or aromatic radicals present in the formula can also be substituted further,In a concentration which emits laser beams, preferably of 10.sup.-2 to 10.sup.-5 mol litre.

Abstract: A dyestuff laser which consists of a reservoir for the dyestuff solution and an energy source, coupled thereto, which is capable of exciting the dyestuff solution to produce an emission, the radiation generated lying in the wavelength range of 550 to 680 nm. The dyestuff is a sulforhodamine.

Abstract: A two-for-one twisting process for twisting two or more individual strands being taken off from separate feed spools or packages arranged in sequence along a common twisting axis at spaced intervals, the strands being doubled or plied together along the twisting axis in a forward take-off direction, wherein the completely plied strands passing the final feed package are deflected and returned backwardly in a rotating balloon pattern by means of at least one rotating twisting disc such that a single balloon envelops each feed package with the plied strands crossing and finally meeting the twisting axis behind each package. The process is useful for plying and twisting all types of filamentary or stranded materials.

Abstract: A high-speed wire twisting machine with feed spools in cradle-type carriers rockingly mounted between paired rotors which have hollow axial passages and are aligned at spaced intervals on the twisting axis, each spool carrier being provided with deflection means to guide the wires, as they are initially drawn off and plied through the axis of the rotors in a forward direction, around each cradled feed spool, and the last rotor at the front end of the machine being provided with a guide over which the plied wires are drawn off and deflected outwardly to be returned to a rear outlet end of the machine, especially with a two-for-one twisting with the plied wires forming individual balloons between each pair of rotors. Twist stop means are preferably mounted in the front carrier which contains a feed spool or for special purposes a wire treatment means in place of the feed spool.

Abstract: A false twist crimping apparatus having an elongated contact heater with pivotable yarn guides in operating positions at either end of the heater, one yarn guide being shiftable lengthwise of the heater on a carrier means, said apparatus also including a pivotable rocker cam engaging the shiftable yarn guide when in its operating position for the transfer of pivot movements from the cam to the guide and linking means to connect the rocker cam with the other yarn guide to synchronize the pivot movements of the cam and both yarn guides, thereby applying the yarn onto or removing the yarn from the contact heater.