Abstract: A DC-overcurrent detector includes: at least one electric line passing the detector from a source terminal of the detector to a load terminal of the detector; at least one first sensor for monitoring an electric current in the at least one electric line and outputting a current measurement signal; at least one current flow direction sensor for distinguishing a current flow direction of the electric current in the at least one electric line between a first direction from the source terminal to the load terminal and a second direction from the load terminal to the source terminal, and outputting a current flow direction signal; a comparator unit for comparing an actual value of the current measurement signal with a threshold criterion, and outputting a trigger signal at a trigger output if a value of the current measurement signal reaches the threshold criterion; and a threshold criterion unit.

Abstract: An overcurrent detector with an electric line and a sensor for monitoring an electric current in the line and outputting a measurement signal, and an integral-unit adapted to integrate an interval of consecutive values of the measurement signal and outputting an integrator-signal, the detector comprises a comparator unit for comparing a value of the integrator-signal with a threshold level and outputting a trigger signal, with the detector further comprises a threshold level determination unit, an input being connected to the sensor for receiving an actual measurement signal, and with an output being connected to the comparator unit, proving the comparator unit with the threshold level, and that the threshold level determination unit is adapted to determine the threshold level in dependence on the value of the actual measurement signal.

Abstract: An overcurrent detector with an electric line and a sensor for monitoring an electric current in the line and outputting a measurement signal, and an integral-unit adapted to integrate an interval of consecutive values of the measurement signal and outputting an integrator-signal, the detector comprises a comparator unit for comparing a value of the integrator-signal with a threshold level and outputting a trigger signal, with the detector further comprises a threshold level determination unit, an input being connected to the sensor for receiving an actual measurement signal, and with an output being connected to the comparator unit, proving the comparator unit with the threshold level, and that the threshold level determination unit is adapted to determine the threshold level in dependence on the value of the actual measurement signal.

Abstract: An arrangement includes: a direct current power network with a plus pole and a minus pole; two series capacitors, a first outer tap being connected to the plus pole via a first power line, a second outer tap being connected to the minus pole via a second power line and a middle tap is connected to ground; a circuit switch arranged in at least one of the first and the second power line; a circuit switch control unit for opening the circuit switch upon overcurrent and/or upon manual intervention; a switchable high ohmic path in at least one of the first and the second power line, which bypasses a) a switchable low ohmic path in the least one of the first and the second power line or b) the circuit switch; and a load control unit for measuring a total voltage of the two series capacitors.

Abstract: An arrangement includes: a direct current power network with a plus pole and a minus pole; two series capacitors, a first outer tap being connected to the plus pole via a first power line, a second outer tap being connected to the minus pole via a second power line and a middle tap is connected to ground; a circuit switch arranged in at least one of the first and the second power line; a circuit switch control unit for opening the circuit switch upon overcurrent and/or upon manual intervention; a switchable high ohmic path in at least one of the first and the second power line, which bypasses a) a switchable low ohmic path in the least one of the first and the second power line or b) the circuit switch; and a load control unit for measuring a total voltage of the two series capacitors.

Abstract: A DC-overcurrent detector includes: at least one electric line passing the detector from a source terminal of the detector to a load terminal of the detector; at least one first sensor for monitoring an electric current in the at least one electric line and outputting a current measurement signal; at least one current flow direction sensor for distinguishing a current flow direction of the electric current in the at least one electric line between a first direction from the source terminal to the load terminal and a second direction from the load terminal to the source terminal, and outputting a current flow direction signal; a comparator unit for comparing an actual value of the current measurement signal with a threshold criterion, and outputting a trigger signal at a trigger output if a value of the current measurement signal reaches the threshold criterion; and a threshold criterion unit.

Abstract: An overcurrent and/or short-circuit detector includes: at least one current sensor for picking up a current signal which has a predeterminable time resolution in at least one electrical current path; and at least one evaluation unit. The at least one evaluation unit: determines a first point in time of a predeterminable steep increase in the current signal, forms a temporal integral of current values of the current signal from the first point in time to a second point in time, compares a pair of values, including a relevant value of the integral and the relevant value of the current signal, with at least one predeterminable limiting condition at predeterminable temporal intervals substantially continuously, and emits an overcurrent and/or short-circuit signal to an outlet of the overcurrent and/or short-circuit detector if the pair of values exceeds a limiting condition.

Abstract: A circuit breaker includes: at least one switching path of a first terminal of the circuit breaker to a second terminal of the circuit breaker; at least one semiconductor switch arranged in the switching path; a semiconductor version switch for predefinably interrupting the switching path upon actuation by a release of the circuit breaker; a characteristic variable unit connected to the release; and a current measuring arrangement for ascertaining a current profile through the at least one semiconductor switch, the current measuring arrangement being connected with the characteristic variable unit. The characteristic variable unit correlates a characteristic variable with a junction temperature of the at least one semiconductor switch that is ascertained from the current profile through the at least one semiconductor switch.

Abstract: An overcurrent and/or short-circuit detector includes: at least one current sensor for picking up a current signal which has a predeterminable time resolution in at least one electrical current path; and at least one evaluation unit. The at least one evaluation unit: determines a first point in time of a predeterminable steep increase in the current signal, forms a temporal integral of current values of the current signal from the first point in time to a second point in time, compares a pair of values, including a relevant value of the integral and the relevant value of the current signal, with at least one predeterminable limiting condition at predeterminable temporal intervals substantially continuously, and emits an overcurrent and/or short-circuit signal to an outlet of the overcurrent and/or short-circuit detector if the pair of values exceeds a limiting condition.

Abstract: A method for distinguishing an arc from a luminous gas at least containing metal vapor includes sensing light in a monitoring region and determining a first intensity I?1 of the sensed light at a first wavelength ?1 and a second intensity I?2 of the sensed light at a second, greater wavelength ?2. The ratio I?1/I?2 between the first intensity I?1 and the second intensity I?2 is determined. The sensed light is associated with an arc if said ratio I?1/I?2 is greater than a specifiable first threshold value and/or with a luminous gas at least containing metal vapor if said ratio I?1/I?2 is less than a specifiable second threshold value.

Abstract: A circuit breaker includes: at least one switching path of a first terminal of the circuit breaker to a second terminal of the circuit breaker; at least one semiconductor switch arranged in the switching path; a semiconductor version switch for predefinably interrupting the switching path upon actuation by a release of the circuit breaker; a characteristic variable unit connected to the release; and a current measuring arrangement for ascertaining a current profile through the at least one semiconductor switch, the current measuring arrangement being connected with the characteristic variable unit. The characteristic variable unit correlates a characteristic variable with a junction temperature of the at least one semiconductor switch that is ascertained from the current profile through the at least one semiconductor switch.

Abstract: A method for distinguishing an arc from a luminous gas at least containing metal vapor includes sensing light in a monitoring region and determining a first intensity I?1 of the sensed light at a first wavelength ?1 and a second intensity I?2 of the sensed light at a second, greater wavelength ?2. The ratio I?1/I?2 between the first intensity I?1 and the second intensity I?2 is determined. The sensed light is associated with an arc if said ratio I?1/I?2 is greater than a specifiable first threshold value and/or with a luminous gas at least containing metal vapor if said ratio I?1/I?2 is less than a specifiable second threshold value.

Abstract: A method for distinguishing an arc from a luminous gas at least containing metal vapor includes sensing light in a monitoring region and determining a first intensity I?1 of the sensed light at a first wavelength ?1 and a second intensity I?2 of the sensed light at a second, greater wavelength ?2. The ratio I?1/I?2 between the first intensity I?1 and the second intensity I?2 is determined. The sensed light is associated with an arc if said ratio I?1/I?2 is greater than a specifiable first threshold value and/or with a luminous gas at least containing metal vapor if said ratio I?1/I?2 is less than a specifiable second threshold value.

Abstract: A pressure-sensor system having a sensor element and a hermetic housing for the sensor element has a particularly uncomplicated installation, in particular even under aggressive ambient conditions. The housing of this pressure-sensor system includes a first housing part having a housing bottom, and at least one additional housing part. The sensor element is installed on the housing bottom, and the pressure is supplied via an opening in the housing bottom. The at least one additional housing part is disposed above the sensor element and is connected to the first housing part. Apart from this, connecting pins for the electrical contacting of the sensor element are provided. The connecting pins are guided through the additional housing part.

Abstract: A pressure-sensor system having a sensor element and a hermetic housing for the sensor element has a particularly uncomplicated installation, in particular even under aggressive ambient conditions. The housing of this pressure-sensor system includes a first housing part having a housing bottom, and at least one additional housing part. The sensor element is installed on the housing bottom, and the pressure is supplied via an opening in the housing bottom. The at least one additional housing part is disposed above the sensor element and is connected to the first housing part. Apart from this, connecting pins for the electrical contacting of the sensor element are provided. The connecting pins are guided through the additional housing part.

Abstract: A data protocol converter has two interfaces, one of which can be connected to a standard vehicle diagnostic interface, and the other permitting wireless message transfer using a diagnostic handset. A data protocol translator converts the messages from the standard vehicle diagnostic interface into messages having a wireless data format, so that they can be received in the diagnostic handset using the latter's wireless interface. The data protocol converter has a further interface so that it can be connected to a second standard diagnostic interface according to a different standard. The data protocol translator can convert the messages from the second standard vehicle diagnostic interface into messages having a wireless data format.

Abstract: A data protocol converter has two interfaces, one of which can be connected to a standard vehicle diagnostic interface, and the other permitting wireless message transfer using a diagnostic handset. A data protocol translator converts the messages from the standard vehicle diagnostic interface into messages having a wireless data format, so that they can be received in the diagnostic handset using the latter's wireless interface. The data protocol converter has a further interface so that it can be connected to a second standard diagnostic interface according to a different standard. The data protocol translator can convert the messages from the second standard vehicle diagnostic interface into messages having a wireless data format.

Abstract: A textile machine felt, which can be used, for example, as a compacting felt on machines for rendering textiles shrinkproof, consists of a ground textile (1) and a felt layer (2) which is stitched thereon and comprises at least in its surface region an elastic knit fabric (3), for example, a continuous warp knitted sleeve.