Abstract: Primers, essentially consisting of a film former or matrix former, an additive, an ionic and/or colloidal noble metal, a filler and a solvent, are suitable for coating substrate surfaces for subsequent chemical metallization.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a coating composition which is suitable for coating plastics and contains a one- or two-component binder and, as an adhesion promoter, a chemically modified crystalline, chlorine-free polyolefin, which has an average molecular weight of 1,000 to 8,000, a non-uniformity of 1.0 to 6.5 and a content of nitrogen, oxygen, sulphur and/or silicon in the form of chemically incorporated functional groups of 1.5 to 17.5 wt % in total. The present invention also relates to a process for coating plastics using this coating composition and to the resulting coated plastics.

Abstract: The invention relates to polymer resins which are dispersible or soluble in water, wherein the resin is an amorphous, chlorinated, chemically modified copolymer or terpolymer prepared from polyethylene, polybutene and/or polypropylene and having an amorphous polypropylene content of at least 50% by weight, an average molecular weight Mw of 10,000 to 100,000 g/mol, a non-uniformity of 1.0 to 6.5, a chlorine content of 2.5 to 50% by weight, an anionic or cationic salt group content of 5 to 250 milliequivalents per 100 g of polymer resin and a content of polyoxyalkylene units of 0 to 40% by weight, the proportion of oxyethylene units being at least 30% by weight of the oxyalkylene units.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polyester polyols which have a hydroxyl number of 80 to 250 and are the reaction product ofa) 52 to 60 mole % of a polyol component containingi) 10 to 50 mole % of one or more dihydric aliphatic alcohols having at least two carbon atoms, other than neopentyl glycol,ii) 5 to 40 mole % of one or more trihydric or higher functional aliphatic alcohols having at least 3 carbon atoms,iii) 10 to 40 mole % of one or more cycloaliphatic diols andiv) 10 to 60 mole % of neopentyl glycol, withb) 40 to 48 mole % of a dicarboxylic acid component containingv) 0 to 49.9 mole % of one or more saturated aliphatic dicarboxylic acids or an anhydrides thereof having at least 2 carbon atoms andvi) 50.1 to 100 mole % of one or more unsaturated aliphatic dicarboxylic acids or anhydrides thereof having at least 4 carbon atoms,wherein the percentages of a) and b), i) to iv) and v to vi) add up to 100.

Abstract: Emulsion polymers obtainable by emulsifying a mixture consisting ofA) 5 to 95 % by weight of at least one monomer from the series consisting of acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, optionally substituted styrene, vinyl carboxylate andB) 5 to 95 % by weight of acrylic and/or methacrylic esters,the sum of components A)+B) being 100% by weight, in the presence of an aqueous solution or dispersion of an anionically modified polyurethane, preferably containing --SO.sub.3.sup.-Me.sup.+ and/or -COO.sup.- Me.sup.+ groups (Me.sup.+ =cation, preferably H.sup.+, Na.sup.+, K.sup.+, Li.sup.+, NH.sub.4.sup.+ or a substituted ammonium ion), and subjecting the resulting emulsion to a polymerization initiated by free radicals.The emulsion polymers produced are preferably used as surface sizing agents for paper.

Abstract: Refrigeration units having internal parts containing a rigid polyurethane foam formed without the use of perhalogenated fluoro-chlorohydrocarbons are produced by applying a coating to the internal walls of the part in which back-foaming will take place, pouring a foam forming reaction mixture into the cavity of the part in which the internal walls have been coated and allowing the foam to form and set. The coating applied to the internal walls of the part in which back foaming is to be carried out is selected from one-component chemically cross-linking lacquers, two-component chemically cross-linking lacquers and lacquers based on aqueous polyurethane dispersions. The foam forming mixture generally includes a polyisocyanate, a polyisocyanate-reactive compound and a blowing agent. The blowing agent must include a partially halogenated hydrocarbon having at least one carbon-hydrogen bond and a boiling point in the range of from about -50.degree. to about 50.degree. C.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for stabilizing ester-containing plastics against degradation by heat and/or hydrolysis by the incorporation of sterically hindered isocyanate-terminated carbodiimides. The incorporable carbodiimides produce an excellent anti-aging effect and do not give rise to volatile products, even at very high temperatures.

Abstract: Phobicity effects of high quality and permanence are obtained on textile materials of the most diverse types if these are finished with combinations ofA) a polymer containing perfluoroalkyl groups andB) a cationically modified polyurethane.The new compositions are also distinguished by a comparatively low content of expensive fluorine compounds.

Abstract: In a pressure-diecast light alloy piston, a ring carrier made of a metallic material having pores filled by the piston materials is embedded in the piston casting adjacent to the first ring groove. In order to provide a strong joint to the piston base body, the ring carrier consists of cold-compacted chips of austenitic cast iron and there is a metallic bond between the chips and the piston material.

Abstract: In a pressure-diecast light-alloy piston for internal combustion engines, which piston comprises shaped fibrous bodies which are partly embedded in at least one of the piston head, ring zone, piston pin bosses and skirt of the piston, which bodies comprise short ceramic fibers, lying in a common plane and in said plane having a random orientation, the improvement wherein the piston (1) is made of a high-temperature magnesium alloy, the piston skirt at least on its sliding surfaces has a chemically applied or electrodeposited metallic sliding layer (3) which has a thickness of about 10 to 30 .mu.m and a hardness of about 740 to 850 HV.sub.0.01, and the inside surface of the piston is coated with a thin plastic paint layer (2) or an anodized magnesium oxide layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a coating composition which contains a one- or two-component binder and, in addition,a) 0.1 to 15.0% by weight, based on the weight of the binder, of at least one coupling agent based on a chemically modified, amorphous polyolefin having an average molecular weight of 10,000 to 100,000, a non-uniformity of 1.0 to 6.5, a chlorine content of 2.5 to 50% by weight and a total content of nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur and silicon, in the form of chemically incorporated functional groups, of about 2.5 to 15% by weight, andb) 2.5 to 50% by weight, based on the weight of the amorphous polyolefin, of a bisphenol derivative corresponding to the formula ##STR1## The present invention also relates to a process for coating plastic substrates with this coating composition and to the coated plastics obtained therefrom.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for the preparation of stable polyurethane-polyurea dispersion in a multi-stage process by forming an isocyanate-terminated prepolymer having an ionic group content of up to about 50 milliequivalents per 100 g of prepolymer by reacting an organic polyisocyanate a) with at least two isocyanate-reactive components b1) and b2) wherein component (b1) has at least one ionic or potential ionic hydrophilic group, characterized in that1) The isocyanate a) is initialy reacted with component b1) for a time sufficient to react at least 50% of the isocyanate-reaction groups of component (b1), and2) the resulting product is then reacted with component b2) and optionally with a component b3) containing ethylene oxide units to form a prepolymer, and3) the resulting prepolymer is dispersed in water.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the continuous production of aqueous polyurethane dispersions, i.e. dispersions or suspensions both of pure polyurethanes and of polyurethane ureas, by mixing a product, which has been obtained by reaction of polyisocyanates with compounds having a molecular weight of 400 to about 10,000 and containing at least two isocyanate-reactive groups, with water, characterized in that the mixing of the polyisocyanate reaction product with water is carried out in a co-current reactor, one of the components to be mixed or a mixture containing one of the two components to be mixed being compressed to an initilal pressure of from about 20 to 500 bar and expanded through a coaxially arranged nozzle into the short residence time mixing tube where it is mixed with the other component or with a mixture containing the other component.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to isocyanate derivatives containing about 2 to 30% by weight of carbodiimide groups, --N.dbd.C.dbd.N--, on a statistical average at least about 0.8 carbodiimide groups per molecule, about 5 to 200 milliequivalents per 100 g of solids of chemically incorporated sulfonate groups and, optionally, 0 to about 25%, based on solids, of chemically incorporated ethylene oxide units, --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --O--, in polyether chains. The present invention is also directed to a process for the preparation of these isocyanate derivatives and to their use as additives for aqueous dispersions or solutions of plastics containing carboxyl groups or groups convertible into carboxyl groups.

Abstract: Emulsion polymers obtained by emulsifying a monomer mixture of(A) 5-95% by weight of acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile and/or substituted or unsubstituted styrene and(B) 5-95% by weight of acrylic and/or methacrylic acid esters containing 1-12 carbon atoms in the alcohol group,the sum of components (A)+(B) amounting to 100% by weight, in the presence of an aqueous solution or dispersion of a water soluble or water dispersible, cationically modified polyurethane, and subjecting the resulting emulsion to a radically initiated polymerization. The emulsion polymers are preferably used as paper sizes or in paper sizes together with conventional additives.

Abstract: This invention relates to heat-sensitive polyurethane dispersions and their use in the preparation of hollow articles by the dipping-process, for coating webs and the production of elastomeric filaments.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for the preparation of stable polyurethane-polyurea dispersions in a multi-stage process by forming an isocyanate-terminated prepolymer having an ionic group content of up to about 50 milliequivalents per 100 g of prepolymer by reacting an organic polyisocyanate (a) with at least two isocyanate-reactive components (b1) and (b2) wherein component (b1) has at least one ionic or potential ionic hydrophilic group, characterized in that(1) the isocyanate (a) is initially reacted with component (b1), and(2) the resulting product is then reacted with component (b2) and optionally with a component (b3) containing ethylene oxide units to form a prepolymer, and(3) the resulting prepolymer is dispersed in water.The present invention further release to products obtained according to this process and to their use for the preparation of coatings on flexible or rigid substrates and in particular to their use as ahdesives.

Abstract: An adhesive consisting substantially of an aqueous solution or dispersion of a polyurethane containing chemically incorporated carboxylate and/or sulphonate groups is prepared from a mixture of at least two (cyclo)-aliphatic diisocyanate and selected polyester diols based on (i) adipic acid and (ii) tetramethylenediol, hexamethylenediol or mixtures of these diols. The use of such aqueous solutions for the formation of bonds on any substrates, in particular on leather, plastics, rubber materials and/or polyvinyl chloride containing plasticizer, with the same material or with other materials is disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a continuous process for the production of aqueous polyurethane dispersions by continuously mixing solutions of polyurethanes or isocyanate prepolymers dissolved in an organic solvent with water and subsequently continuously removing at least a portion of the solvent using a circulation-type evaporator. The present invention is also directed to the production of coatings or adhesives by applying the aqueous polyurethane dispersions to a substrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to aqueous solutions or dispersions of polyisocyanate addition products which contain about 2 to 300 milliequivalents per 100 g of solids of chemically incorporated ternary or quaternary ammonium groups and up to about 25% by weight, based on solids, of chemically incorporated ethylene oxide units, --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --O--, present within a polyether chain, the ternary or quaternary ammonium groups and the ethylene oxide units being present in an amount sufficient to guarantee the solubility or dispersibility of the polyisocyanate addition products in water, characterized in that the polyisocyanate addition products have segments incorporated in the polymer chain which correspond to the following general formula ##STR1## in an amount of about 0.1 to 20% by weight based on the above formula, but excluding the weight of R.