Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a plastic film from a total amount of raw materials using a film extrusion machine. According to the invention, the method comprises the following steps: detecting film parameters relating to desired properties of the plastic film, detecting raw material parameters relating to properties of the raw materials, grouping the raw material parameter into at least two raw material parameter groups, forming correlations between raw material parameter groups, forming correlations between film parameters and the raw material parameter groups based on a film production model, detecting a selection of at least one raw material from at least one raw material parameter group, calculating at least one production parameter of the film extrusion machine based on the film production model.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a film from a total quantity of raw materials using an extrusion machine, comprising the following steps: detecting machine parameters relating to properties and/or settings of at least one film extrusion machine, detecting film parameters relating to desired properties of the film, detecting raw material parameters relating to properties of the raw materials, inputting the detected parameters in a film production model, calculating a selection and/or an amount of raw materials from the total quantity of raw materials based on the detected parameters and the film production model, outputting information relating to the selection and/or the amount of raw materials.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a plastic film from a total quantity of raw materials in a film extrusion machine. Said method according to the invention comprises the following steps: providing a selection of raw materials from a total quantity of raw materials, setting machine and production parameters of the film extrusion machine, supplying the selection of raw materials to the film extrusion machine in a composition, detecting at least one actual value of a property of the plastic film, forming a difference between the actual value and a target value of the property, changing the selection of raw materials and/or the composition of the raw materials, if the difference exceeds a threshold.

Abstract: A method controls the current output of a battery for driving a rail vehicle. A battery actual current Ibat,ist passes via a converter to an asynchronous motor, being a drive for the vehicle. The battery actual current Ibat,ist is set by control circuits as a function of a feedforward control torque Mff and a specified torque Mtf. The feedforward control torque Mff is calculated using a transfer function Hsys(z), which maps the torque setpoint value Msoll onto the battery actual current Ibat,ist as follows: Ibat(z) Hsys(z) Msoll(z). Accordingly, a zero-point z=znmp, which lies outside the unit circle, is determined by the transfer function Hsys(z). The feedforward control torque Mff is calculated as follows: Mff(z) Ibat,neu(z)/(Hsys(z) z) where: Ibat,neu(z)=Ibat,ideal(z) Ibat,ideal(z=znmp) where: Ibat,neu[n]=Ibat,ideal[n] for all n>0, so that pole point/zero point cancellation is reached by z=znmp at the battery ideal current.

Abstract: A method controls the current output of a battery for driving a rail vehicle. A battery actual current Ibat,ist passes via a converter to an asynchronous motor, being a drive for the vehicle. The battery actual current Ibat,ist is set by control circuits as a function of a feedforward control torque Mff and a specified torque Mtf. The feedforward control torque Mff is calculated using a transfer function Hsys(z), which maps the torque setpoint value Msoll onto the battery actual current Ibat,ist as follows: Ibat(z) Hsys(z) Msoll(z). Accordingly, a zero-point z=znmp, which lies outside the unit circle, is determined by the transfer function Hsys(z). The feedforward control torque Mff is calculated as follows: Mff(z) Ibat,neu(z)/(Hsys(z) z) where: Ibat,neu(z)=Ibat,ideal(z) Ibat,ideal(z=znmp) where: Ibat,neu[n]=Ibat,ideal[n] for all n>0, so that pole point/zero point cancellation is reached by z=znmp at the battery ideal current.

Abstract: A voltage generating device includes a mechanically driven generator that is separately excited. An electric starting voltage of the generator is rectified by way of a rectifier. The voltage generating device is closed-loop-controlled by way of a regulating device. A current regulating device has a model of an excitation coil of the generator, and a model value of the electric excitation current of the generator can be ascertained using the model. The current regulating device additionally has a correction element, by way of which the model value of the electric excitation current can be corrected such that the model value of the electric excitation current better matches the actual value of the electric excitation current in a defined manner.

Abstract: A controllable voltage-generating apparatus includes a mechanically driven, separately excited generator. An electric output voltage of the generator is rectified by a rectifier. The voltage-generating apparatus can be controlled by a control system. A voltage-control device of the control system has a calculation device, by way of which an electric excitation signal for the generator can be calculated by way of a defined interpolation from measurement values of the electric excitation signals of the voltage-generating apparatus.

Abstract: A voltage generating device includes a mechanically driven generator that is separately excited. An electric starting voltage of the generator is rectified by way of a rectifier. The voltage generating device is closed-loop-controlled by way of a regulating device. A current regulating device has a model of an excitation coil of the generator, and a model value of the electric excitation current of the generator can be ascertained using the model. The current regulating device additionally has a correction element, by way of which the model value of the electric excitation current can be corrected such that the model value of the electric excitation current better matches the actual value of the electric excitation current in a defined manner.

Abstract: A controllable voltage-generating apparatus includes a mechanically driven, separately excited generator. An electric output voltage of the generator is rectified by a rectifier. The voltage-generating apparatus can be controlled by a control system. A voltage-control device of the control system has a calculation device, by way of which an electric excitation signal for the generator can be calculated by way of a defined interpolation from measurement values of the electric excitation signals of the voltage-generating apparatus.

Abstract: The invention relates to so-called fuze damping in projectiles, in particular, those provided with a built-in firing delay. Thus, a projectile (1) is provided having a rear part (1a) and a fuze (2), wherein at least one damping element (7) is inserted between a fuze base (5) and the projectile (1) and/or between a fuze shoulder (6) and a possible threaded ring (4), or similar attachment element. The damping element (7) is in the form of a disc, ring or pot, and is composed of a material with a lower acoustic impedance than the material of the projectile (1).

Abstract: The invention relates to a so-called fuze damping in projectiles, in particular with a built-in firing delay. The invention proposes a projectile (1) having a rear part (1a) and a fuze (2) , wherein at least one damping element (7) is inserted between a fuze base (5) and the projectile (1) and/or between a fuze shoulder (6) and a possible threaded ring (4) or similar attachment element. The damping element (7) is in the form of a disc, ring or pot, and is composed of a material with a lower acoustic impedance than the material of the projectile (1).

Abstract: A touch probe 9 for a coordinate measuring apparatus is proposed which includes a touch probe chassis 29 adapted to be attached to the coordinate measuring apparatus, a support for the sensing stylus 39 which is mounted on the touch probe chassis 29 so as to be deflectable from a rest position and on which a sensing stylus 47 is mountable for contacting a workpiece 17, a deflection measuring system 55, 57 for detecting a deflection of the support for the sensing stylus 39 with respect to the touch probe chassis 29 and an inspection optics 61 for inspecting a tip 49 of the sensing stylus 47. The touch probe 1 is characterized in that at least one of the components support for the sensing stylus 39 and touch probe chassis 29 comprises a transverse support 39 which extends transversely to a direction of extension of the sensing stylus 47 and which is transparent to light in at least a portion thereof and which is disposed in a beam path 69 of the inspection optics 61.

Abstract: A touch probe 9 for a coordinate measuring apparatus is proposed which includes a touch probe chassis 29 adapted to be attached to the coordinate measuring apparatus, a support for the sensing stylus 39 which is mounted on the touch probe chassis 29 so as to be deflectable from a rest position and on which a sensing stylus 47 is mountable for contacting a workpiece 17, a deflection measuring system 55, 57 for detecting a deflection of the support for the sensing stylus 39 with respect to the touch probe chassis 29 and an inspection optics 61 for inspecting a tip 49 of the sensing stylus 47. The touch probe 1 is characterized in that at least one of the components support for the sensing stylus 39 and touch probe chassis 29 comprises a transverse support 39 which extends transversely to a direction of extension of the sensing stylus 47 and which is transparent to light in at least a portion thereof and which is disposed in a beam path 69 of the inspection optics 61.

Abstract: A method for replacing a fuse casing (4), which is riveted to the casing (2) of an active component (1) containing an explosive charge (3). The new fuse casing (4) laser-welded to the remaining rivet parts (5) of the active component casing (2). Welding filler materials are used to attach the new fuse casing (4) easily and securely to the active component casing (2), such that the connection can withstand even high firing accelerations, without this resulting in impermissibly high thermal stress to the explosive charge (3) in the active component. Welding powders (7) or welding pastes can be used as welding filler materials, which are inserted into gaps (8) remaining between the remaining rivet parts (5) and the bores (6) in the fuse casing (4) before the remaining rivet parts (5) are welded to the fuse casing (4). Also used are discs (9) that cover the bore holes (6) in the fuse casing (4). The disks are placed onto the frontal faces of the remaining rivet parts (5) and are welded to these.

Abstract: A method for replacing a fuse casing (4), which is riveted to the casing (2) of an active component (1) containing an explosive charge (3). The new fuse casing (4) laser-welded to the remaining rivet parts (5) of the active component casing (2). Welding filler materials are used to attach the new fuse casing (4) easily and securely to the active component casing (2), such that the connection can withstand even high firing accelerations, without this resulting in impermissibly high thermal stress to the explosive charge (3) in the active component. Welding powders (7) or welding pastes can be used as welding filler materials, which are inserted into gaps (8) remaining between the remaining rivet parts (5) and the bores (6) in the fuse casing (4) before the remaining rivet parts (5) are welded to the fuse casing (4). Also used are discs (9) that cover the bore holes (6) in the fuse casing (4). The disks are placed onto the frontal faces of the remaining rivet parts (5) and are welded to these.

Abstract: A method for transforming a fuzzy logic system into a neural network, where, in order to simulate membership functions, sigmoid functions are linked together in such a way that, even after the optimization of the neural network, back-transformation of the neural network into a, fuzzy logic system is possible. The advantage of the method described is that a fuzzy logic system can be transformed, in particular component by component, into a neural network and the latter can then be optimized as a whole, i.e. all the components together. The possibility of back-transforming the trained neural network ultimately means that an optimized fuzzy logic system can be obtained. This advantageously makes it possible to use, in particular, standardized fuzzy system software for describing the optimized fuzzy logic system.

Abstract: A projectile includes a stabilizing band mounted on a rear projectile portion and having a folded state and a deployed state and a fuze assembly accommodated in the projectile. The fuze assembly includes a firing pin carrier supported for motion parallel to the longitudinal axis of the projectile; a firing pin secured to the firing pin carrier; a slide supported for motion transversely to the projectile axis and having a safety position and a firing position; and a detonator mounted on the slide. The detonator is out of alignment with the firing pin in the safety position of the slide and is in alignment with the firing pin in the firing position of the slide. A force-transmitting component is attached to the stabilizing band and the slide for moving the slide from the safety position into the firing position by a force generated by a motion of the stabilizing band from its folded state into its deployed state.

Abstract: A method for transformation of fuzzy logic (FS) into a neural network (NN), in which, in order to form a defuzzified output value (y2) from normalized single-element functions (F1 . . . Fm), the single-element functions (F1 . . . Fm) are each assigned a singleton position (A1 . . . Am) and at least one singleton weighting factor (R1 . . . Rn), those singleton weighting factors (R1 . . . Rn) which are assigned to the same single-element function (F1 . . . Fm) are additively linked, and the singleton weighting factors (R1 . . . Rn) and the additively linked singleton weighting factors (R1 . . . Rn) are weighted via the corresponding singleton positions (A1 . . . Am) and are additively linked in order to form the defuzzified output value (y2). One advantage of the method according to the invention is that the singleton positions (A1 . . .

Abstract: A projectile includes a fuze assembly which has a firing pin carrier supported for motion parallel to a longitudinal axis of the projectile; a firing pin secured to the firing pin carrier; a slide supported for motion transversely to the projectile longitudinal axis and having a safety position and a firing position; and a detonator mounted on the slide. The detonator is out of alignment with the firing pin in the safety position of the slide and is in alignment with the firing pin in the firing position of the slide. A holding shell is positioned in the projectile and is exposed to a force of an air current during projectile flight for causing the holding shell to fly off the projectile. A force-transmitting component connects the holding shell with the slide for displacing the slide from the safety position into the firing position upon movement of the holding shell away from the projectile.

Abstract: An armature-mounting arrangement for a hinged-armature relay includes a yoke (3), an armature (1) positioned at an end portion of the yoke, and an armature holding spring (2) which has at least one switching contact thereon and which is mechanically coupled to the armature. The armature holding spring is formed as one piece with a return spring (5) for the armature and also with spring hooks (4). Each of the spring hooks has a first portion (4a) lying substantially flat on an outer side of the armature and a second portion (4b) extending from the first portion about the armature and lying almost flat against an outer surface of the yoke. This armature-mounting arrangement is a particularly uncomplicated and cost effective structure and its operation is also not particularly sensitive to fabrication tolerances of the armature and the yoke.