Abstract: An arrangement and method for converting an input signal into a mechanical or acoustical output signal by using a transducer and additional means for generating a desired transfer behavior and for protecting said transducer against overload. Transducers of this kind are for example loudspeaker, headphones and other mechanical or acoustical actuators. The additional means comprise a controller, a power amplifier and a detector. The detector identifies parameters of the transducer model if the stimulus provides sufficient excitation of the transducer. The detector permanently identifies time variant properties of the transducer for any stimulus supplied to the transducer. The controller provided with this information generates a desired linear or nonlinear transfer behavior; in particular electric control linearizes, stabilizes and protects the transducer against electric, thermal and mechanical overload at high amplitudes of the input signal.

Abstract: The invention relates to an arrangement and a method for converting an input signal v into an output signal p(ra) by using an electro-mechanical transducer and for reducing nonlinear total distortion pd in said output signal p(ra), whereas the nonlinear total distortion pd contains multi-modal distortion ud which are generated by nonlinear partial vibration of mechanical transducer components. An identification system generates distributed parameters Pd of a nonlinear wave model (Nd) and lumped parameters Pl of a network model (Nl) based on electrical, mechanical or acoustical state variables of transducer measured by a sensor. The nonlinear wave model distinguishes between activation modes and transfer modes, whereas the activation modes affect the transfer modes, which transfer the input signal u into the output signal p.

Abstract: The invention provides an arrangement and a method for measuring the direct sound wrad radiated by an acoustical source under test (e.g. loudspeakers) under the influence of acoustic ambient noise sources Q1 and reflections at acoustical boundaries (e.g. room walls). An acquisition device measures a state variable pt(rm) of the sound field at a plurality of measurement points rm in a scanning range Gm by a sensor and generates a scanned data set pGm,tQ0,Q1. Based on this data set an analyzer determines the coefficients CradQ0 associated with expansion functions which are solutions of the wave equation. An identifier uses the scanned data set pGm,tQ0,Q1 for generating parameter information P for the analyzer which are the basis for separating the direct sound wrad from room reflections wref and other waves wsec scattered at the surface of the source under test.

Abstract: An arrangement and method for converting an input signal z(t) into a mechanical or acoustical output signal p(t) comprising an electro-magnetic transducer using a coil at a fixed position and a moving armature, a sensor, a parameter measurement device and a controller. The parameter measurement device identifies parameter information P of an nonlinear model of the transducer considering and the saturation and the geometry of the magnetic elements. A diagnostic system reveals the physical causes of signal distortion and generates information for optimizing the design and manufacturing process of this transducer. The controller compensates for nonlinear signal distortion, stabilizes the rest position of the armature and protects the transducer against mechanical and thermal overload.

Abstract: An arrangement and method for converting an input signal into a mechanical or acoustical output signal by using a transducer and additional means for generating a desired transfer behavior and for protecting said transducer against overload. Transducers of this kind are for example loudspeaker, headphones and other mechanical or acoustical actuators. The additional means comprise a controller, a power amplifier and a detector. The detector identifies parameters of the transducer model if the stimulus provides sufficient excitation of the transducer. The detector permanently identifies time variant properties of the transducer for any stimulus supplied to the transducer. The controller provided with this information generates a desired linear or nonlinear transfer behavior; in particular electric control linearizes, stabilizes and protects the transducer against electric, thermal and mechanical overload at high amplitudes of the input signal.

Abstract: The invention relates to an arrangement and a method for the identification of parameters in a nonlinear model of an analog-to-digital converter (ADC 17) and the use of this information to reduce the nonlinear distortions of the ADC. A parameter estimator determines an AD parameter vector PAD which describes the nonlinearities of the ADC (17). According to the invention the ADC is excited by a perturbed input signal y?A generated by adder 77 which combines the analog input signal yA with perturbation signal s1 provided by generator. The nonlinear system identification uses intermodulation distortion generated in the digital ADC output signal y?D which are not found in the analog input signal yA. A nonlinear AD compensation element compensates based on parameter vector PAD the nonlinear distortion generated by the ADC and generates the linearized output signal yD.

Abstract: The invention relates to an arrangement and a method for converting an input signal v into an output signal p(ra) by using an electro-mechanical transducer and for reducing nonlinear total distortion pd in said output signal p(ra), whereas the nonlinear total distortion pd contains multi-modal distortion ud which are generated by nonlinear partial vibration of mechanical transducer components. An identification system generates distributed parameters Pd of a nonlinear wave model (Nd) and lumped parameters Pl of a network model (Nl) based on electrical, mechanical or acoustical state variables of transducer measured by a sensor. The nonlinear wave model distinguishes between activation modes and transfer modes, whereas the activation modes affect the transfer modes, which transfer the input signal u into the output signal p.

Abstract: The invention relates to an arrangement and a method for the identification of parameters in a nonlinear model of an analog-to-digital converter (ADC 17) and the use of this information to reduce the nonlinear distortions of the ADC. A parameter estimator determines an AD parameter vector PAD which describes the nonlinearities of the ADC (17). According to the invention the ADC is excited by a perturbed input signal y?A generated by adder 77 which combines the analog input signal yA with perturbation signal s1 provided by generator. The nonlinear system identification uses intermodulation distortion generated in the digital ADC output signal y?D which are not found in the analog input signal yA. A nonlinear AD compensation element compensates based on parameter vector PAD the nonlinear distortion generated by the ADC and generates the linearized output signal yD.

Abstract: An arrangement and method for assessing the audibility and annoyance of at least one distortion component dn(t) with n=1, . . . , N in the output signal p(t) of a device under test, by generating a virtual auralization output signal pA(t) at the output of an auralization system. The output signal pA(t) contains the distortion component dn(t) at an adjustable magnitude according to a scaling factor Sn provided from a control input, and is supplied to a perceptive model and to a reproduction system used by a listener. The auralization system receives the distortion component dn(t) from a separator which receives a test signal xT(t) from the output of a microphone and a reference signal xR(t) from a reference system.

Abstract: An arrangement and method for converting an input signal z(t) into a mechanical or acoustical output signal p(t) comprising an electro-magnetic transducer using a coil at a fixed position and a moving armature, a sensor, a parameter measurement device and a controller. The parameter measurement device identifies parameter information P of an nonlinear model of the transducer considering and the saturation and the geometry of the magnetic elements. A diagnostic system reveals the physical causes of signal distortion and generates information for optimizing the design and manufacturing process of this transducer. The controller compensates for nonlinear signal distortion, stabilizes the rest position of the armature and protects the transducer against mechanical and thermal overload.

Abstract: An arrangement and method for assessing the audibility and annoyance of at least one distortion component dn(t) with n=1, . . . , N in the output signal p(t) of a device under test, by generating a virtual auralization output signal pA(t) at the output of an auralization system. The output signal pA(t) contains the distortion component dn(t) at an adjustable magnitude according to a scaling factor Sn provided from a control input, and is supplied to a perceptive model and to a reproduction system used by a listener. The auralization system receives the distortion component dn(t) from a separator which receives a test signal xT(t) from the output of a microphone and a reference signal xR(t) from a reference system.

Abstract: The invention provides an arrangement and a method for measuring the direct sound wrad radiated by an acoustical source under test (e.g. loudspeakers) under the influence of acoustic ambient noise sources Q1 and reflections at acoustical boundaries (e.g. room walls). An acquisition device measures a state variable pt(rm) of the sound field at a plurality of measurement points rm in a scanning range Gm by a sensor and generates a scanned data set PGm,tQ0Q1. Based on this data set an analyzer determines the coefficients CradQ0 associated with expansion functions which are solutions of the wave equation. An identifier uses the scanned data set pGm,tQ0,Q1 for generating parameter information P for the analyzer which are the basis for separating the direct sound wrad from room reflections Wref and other waves wsec scattered at the surface of the source under test.

Abstract: An arrangement and method for assessing and diagnosing the operating state of a device under test in the presence of a disturbing ambient noise and for detecting, localizing and classifying defects of the device which affect its operational reliability and quality. At least two sensors monitor signals at arbitrary locations which are affected by signals emitted by defects and by ambient noise sources. A source analyzer receives the monitored signals, identifies the number and location of the sources, separates defect and noise sources, and analyzes the deterministic and stochastic signal components emitted by each source. Defect and noise vectors at the outputs of the source analyzer are supplied to a defect classificator which detects invalid parts of the measurements corrupted by ambient noise, accumulates the valid parts, assesses the quality of the system under test and identifies the physical causes and location of the defects.

Abstract: The invention relates to an arrangement and method for estimating the linear and nonlinear parameters of a model 11 describing a transducer 1 which converts input signals x(t) into output signals y(t) (e.g., electrical, mechanical or acoustical signals). Transducers of this kind are primarily actuators (loudspeakers) and sensors (microphones), but also electrical systems for storing, transmitting and converting signals. The model describes the internal states of the transducer and the transfer behavior between input and output both in the small-and large-signal domain. This information is the basis for measurement applications, quality assessment, failure diagnostics and for controlling the transducer actively. The identification of linear and nonlinear parameters Pl and Pn of the model without systematic error (bias) is the objective of the current invention. This is achieved by using a transformation system 55 to estimate the linear parameters Pl and the nonlinear parameters Pn with separate cost functions.

Abstract: An arrangement and method for assessing and diagnosing the operating state of a device under test in the presence of a disturbing ambient noise and for detecting, localizing and classifying defects of the device which affect its operational reliability and quality. At least two sensors monitor signals at arbitrary locations which are affected by signals emitted by defects and by ambient noise sources. A source analyzer receives the monitored signals, identifies the number and location of the sources, separates defect and noise sources, and analyzes the deterministic and stochastic signal components emitted by each source. Defect and noise vectors at the outputs of the source analyzer are supplied to a defect classificator which detects invalid parts of the measurements corrupted by ambient noise, accumulates the valid parts, assesses the quality of the system under test and identifies the physical causes and location of the defects.

Abstract: The invention relates to an arrangement and method for estimating the linear and nonlinear parameters of a model 11 describing a transducer 1 which converts input signals x(t) into output signals y(t) (e.g., electrical, mechanical or acoustical signals). Transducers of this kind are primarily actuators (loudspeakers) and sensors (microphones), but also electrical systems for storing, transmitting and converting signals. The model describes the internal states of the transducer and the transfer behavior between input and output both in the small- and large-signal domain. This information is the basis for measurement applications, quality assessment, failure diagnostics and for controlling the transducer actively. The identification of linear and nonlinear parameters Pl and Pn of the model without systematic error (bias) is the objective of the current invention.

Abstract: The invention relates to an arrangement for measuring and assessing properties of a system (28) which transfers an electrical, mechanical or acoustical signal or converts an excitation signal x into another signal y. An error system (30) models the transfer behavior of the system, estimates a desired output signal y?, and generates an error signal e which reveals the excess distortion and disturbances of the output signal y at any time instant t, and can reveal peak values of transient distortion having low power which might otherwise be masked by noise and regular distortion. The error signal is supplied to an assessment system (44), where convenient distortion measures are calculated and the distortion is displayed versus properties of the signal (e.g., instantaneous frequency and amplitude). The assessment system may also generate a control output (42) to modify signal x to ensure an optimal excitation of the system.

Abstract: The invention relates to an arrangement for measuring and assessing properties of a system (28) which transfers an electrical, mechanical or acoustical signal or converts an excitation signal x into another signal y. An error system (30) models the transfer behavior of the system, estimates a desired output signal y′, and generates an error signal e which reveals the excess distortion and disturbances of the output signal y at any time instant t, and can reveal peak values of transient distortion having low power which might otherwise be masked by noise and regular distortion. The error signal is supplied to an assessment system (44), where convenient distortion measures are calculated and the distortion is displayed versus properties of the signal (e.g., instantaneous frequency and amplitude). The assessment system may also generate a control output (42) to modify signal x to ensure an optimal excitation of the system.

Abstract: This invention regards a method and an arrangement for attenuating undesirable high amplitude output sound of an acoustic system 2 by injecting a canceling sound produced by a controller 10 and radiated by a loudspeaker 12. The controller 10 has a nonlinear transfer behavior between the control input 20 provided with the sensed input noise and the output 26 connected to the loudspeaker 12. The architecture of the nonlinear controller 10 is directly derived from an acoustic model describing the nonlinear sound propagation in the acoustic system 2. The control architecture can be implemented in a digital signal processor with a minimum of elements and improves the efficiency of the active attenuation so that the fundamental and the nonlinear distortions of the sound can be canceled and the output noise level is lower than by using a linear control system.

Abstract: An arrangement is provided for converting an electric signal into an acoustic or a mechanic signal comprising a transducer (1) and an electric circuit connected to the terminals of the transducer (1). An adaptive correction filter (3) compensates for linear and nonlinear distortions of the transducer (1) and realizes a desired overall transfer characteristic of the arrangement. An adaptive detector circuit (2) connected between the filter output (7) and the transducer's terminals provides a motional signal of the transducer at output (11) without using an additional mechanic or acoustic sensor. Reference filter (6) and comparator (13) compare the detected motional signal with a desired signal and provide an error signal e(t) for adaptively adjusting both the correction filter (3) and detector circuit (2) to the transducer. This arrangement dispenses from pre-training and copes with nonlinear and changing transducer characteristics.