Abstract: A two-layered anode (1′) is used for the electrochemical polymerisation. The lower layer (2) consists of a non-conductive carrier material to which a conductive electrode layer (3′) is applied, the electrode layer being removed in part-areas in order to form non-conductive areas. the non-conductive areas have a predetermined structure which corresponds to the structure of the structured polymer film (11) to be formed. the anode (1′) is held together with a platinum cathode in an electrolyte into which compounds of low molecular weight, preferably monomers of the polymer film (11) to be formed, are introduced. A current flow is produced through the electrolyte via the anode (1′) and cathode. In the course of this a conductive polymer film (11) of the predetermined structure is formed on the conductive areas which are brought into contact with the electrolyte.

Abstract: The process of minimizing the operating voltage of an organic light emitting diode includes the steps of providing a transparent substrate and applying a transparent bottom electrode thereto. It furthermore includes the step of applying to the bottom electrode a semitransparent layer of a metal having a work function in the range from 4 to 7 eV and applying to the semitransparent layer at least one organic functional layer and a top electrode including magnesium and silver.

Abstract: An organic light emitting diode includes a transparent bottom electrode located on a substrate, a top electrode, at least one organic functional layer disposed between the bottom electrode and the top electrode and a semitransparent layer located on the bottom electrode. The semitransparent layer is formed of a metal having a work function of between 4 and 7 eV.