Abstract: A method is proposed for the contiuous determination of gaseous oxidation products from industrial process, drinking and/or waste water, particularly for determining the TOC value, at least the organically bound carbon contained in a test solution to be investigated being oxidatively transformed and the gaseous oxidation products are supplied to a measuring unit, where at least the organically bound carbon is detected, the test solution being continuously pumped into a microreactor, where it is heated to a predetermined temperature and the organic compounds in the test solution are continuously oxidatively transformed under a temperature and pressure increased in a defined manner.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for measuring the rate and/or extent of movement of oscillatory element positioned on an oscillating system by passing a reference beam towards a reference detector over a reference edge. The reference edge is fixed relative to the element. The measurement beam is directed towards the measurement detector over a measurement edge of a surface adapted to move together with the element relative to the reference edge. The movement of the measurement edge cuts the measurement beam as it moves into the path of the measurement beam. The rate and/or extent of movement of the element relative to the reference edge is determined by comparing the illumination received by each of the detectors. Apparatus is also disclosed for measuring the rate and/or extent of movement of an oscillatory element positioned on an oscillating system including a measurement edge adapted to move together with the element. A reference edge is maintained stationary relative to the measurement edge.