Abstract: Disclosed embodiments relate to gelling aqueous ceramic slurries with temperature using laser-assisted free-forming to provide a break-through of rapidly making ceramics from slurries and computer assisted design files. Methods according to various embodiments are superior to any other since no toxic materials are used. The slurries are made with edible and safe compounds.

Abstract: Methods of producing colored and superhydrophobic surfaces, objects, and coatings using a colored paint that imparts a superhydrophobic surface on an object is a suspension of hydrophobic particles in a polymeric binder and a plasticizer in a solvent or mixed solvent, wherein at least a portion of the hydrophobic particles are colored particles. Colored particles can be ultramarine, iron oxide, chromium oxide, or any other colored metal oxide. The hydrophobic particles can be metal oxide particles that are surface functionalized with a fluorinated alkyl silane or an alkyl silane. The binder is a mixture of PDVF and PMMA in a ratio of 3:1 to 10:1. The plasticizer is a mixture of triethyl phosphate and perfluoro(butyltetrahydrofuran) or other perfluorinated hydrocarbon. Surfaces coated using this paint display contact angles in excess of 150° and resist abrasion.

Abstract: A water based paint that can be used to form a superhydrophobic coating includes a fluorinated particulate filler, a water soluble or water suspendable resin, and an aqueous solvent. The superhydrophobic paint can be applied to a surface where the loss of the solvent results in a superhydrophobic coating.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides for compositions including a composite particle, methods for making the composite particle, methods for using the composite particle, articles upon which the composite particle have been disposed, compositions including the composite particle and a fluid, devices including the composite particle and the fluid, and methods of using the composition including the composite particle and the fluid. Due to the structure and composition of the composite particle, the composite particle can be dispersed in an aqueous medium and then coated on a surface of an article, where upon evaporation of the aqueous solution forms a hydrophobic or superhydrophobic coating on the surface of the article.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides for compositions, articles including the composition, and articles and structures having a superhydrophobic, a superoleophobic, or an omniphobic surface after disposing the composition onto a surface of the article or structure. In general, the composition includes a fluid and a plurality of composite particles having a hydrophilic core and hydrophobic agents on the surface of the hydrophilic core. The composition can be processed so that the composite particles are dispersible in water, while generating a superhydrophobic, superoleophobic, or omniphobic surface upon application.

Abstract: Methods of producing colored and superhydrophobic surfaces, objects, and coatings using a colored paint that imparts a superhydrophobic surface on an object is a suspension of hydrophobic particles in a polymeric binder and a plasticizer in a solvent or mixed solvent, wherein at least a portion of the hydrophobic particles are colored particles. Colored particles can be ultramarine, iron oxide, chromium oxide, or any other colored metal oxide. The hydrophobic particles can be metal oxide particles that are surface functionalized with a fluorinated alkyl silane or an alkyl silane. The binder is a mixture of PDVF and PMMA in a ratio of 3:1 to 10:1. The plasticizer is a mixture of triethyl phosphate and perfluoro(butyltetrahydrofuran) or other perfluorinated hydrocarbon. Surfaces coated using this paint display contact angles in excess of 150° and resist abrasion.

Abstract: A water based paint that can be used to form a superhydrophobic coating includes a fluorinated particulate filler, a water soluble or water suspendable resin, and an aqueous solvent. The superhydrophobic paint can be applied to a surface where the loss of the solvent results in a superhydrophobic coating.

Abstract: A colored paint that imparts a superhydrophobic surface on an object is a suspension of hydrophobic particles in a polymeric binder and a plasticizer in a solvent or mixed solvent, wherein at least a portion of the hydrophobic particles are colored particles. Colored particles can be ultramarine, iron oxide, chromium oxide, or any other colored metal oxide. The hydrophobic particles can be metal oxide particles that are surface functionalized with a fluorinated alkyl silane or an alkyl silane. The binder is a mixture of PDVF and PMMA in a ratio of 3:1 to 10:1. The plasticizer is a mixture of triethyl phosphate and perfluoro(butyltetrahydrofuran) or other perfluorinated hydrocarbon. Surfaces coated using this paint display contact angles in excess of 150° and resist abrasion.

Abstract: A superhydrophobic appliance is an elastomeric material with a surface having a multiplicity of re-entrant features. The elastomeric material can be a polydimethylsiloxane network. The superhydrophobic appliance can be formed by infusing a portion of a polydimethylsiloxane polymeric precursor partially into the pores of a porous membrane, curing to the polymeric network, and separating the membrane from the appliance to expose the superhydrophobic surface. The superhydrophobic surface can be subsequently modified to form a fluorinated surface that is oleophobic or superoleophobic in addition to being superhydrophobic.

Abstract: A superhydrophobic appliance is an elastomeric material with a surface having a multiplicity of re-entrant features. The elastomeric material can be a polydimethylsiloxane network. The superhydrophobic appliance can be formed by infusing a portion of a polydimethylsiloxane polymeric precursor partially into the pores of a porous membrane, curing to the polymeric network, and separating the membrane from the appliance to expose the superhydrophobic surface. The superhydrophobic surface can be subsequently modified to form a fluorinated surface that is oleophobic or superoleophobic in addition to being superhydrophobic.

Abstract: A superhydrophobic surface can be formed by contacting an article with a suspension of fluorinated boehmite particles to leave a film of the fluorinated boehmite particles after removal of the suspending fluid. The film can be transparent or the film can be translucent or opaque. When the film is translucent or opaque, the film can render the surface superoleophobic.

Abstract: A colored paint that imparts a superhydrophobic surface on an object is a suspension of hydrophobic particles in a polymeric binder and a plasticizer in a solvent or mixed solvent, wherein at least a portion of the hydrophobic particles are colored particles. Colored particles can be ultramarine, iron oxide, chromium oxide, or any other colored metal oxide. The hydrophobic particles can be metal oxide particles that are surface functionalized with a fluorinated alkyl silane or an alkyl silane. The binder is a mixture of PDVF and PMMA in a ratio of 3:1 to 10:1. The plasticizer is a mixture of triethyl phosphate and perfluoro(butyltetrahydrofuran) or other perfluorinated hydrocarbon. Surfaces coated using this paint display contact angles in excess of 150° and resist abrasion.

Abstract: An article having a superhydrophobic or oleophobic ceramic polymer composite surface is formed by the coating of the surface with a fluid comprising a polymer, copolymer, or polymer precursor and a plurality of glass, ceramic, or ceramic-polymer particles. The particles have fluorinated surfaces and at least a portion of the polymer's repeating units that are fluorinated or perfluorinated. The composite can be a cross-linked polymer.

Abstract: A superhydrophobic ceramic coating that is transparent and durable includes a dispersion of a multiplicity of silica nanoparticles stacked to form a topography that is rough that is infused with and conformally coated with a sol-gel glass matrix that has a fluoroalkyl silane or an alkyl silane monolayer on the surface of the coating. The silica nanoparticles do not scatter light to a large extent as they are sufficiently small and free of aggregation. The sol-gel glass is formed from a trialkoxysilane precursor and applied to the stacked silica nanoparticles to retain the rough topography of the deposited nanoparticles.

Abstract: An overcoat that imparts a superhydrophobic surface to a painted surface of an object is a suspension of hydrophobic particles in a polymeric binder and a plasticizer in a solvent or mixed solvent. The particles are a metal oxide that is surface functionalized with a fluorinated alkyl silane or an alkyl silane. Surfaces coated using this paint display contact angles in excess of 150° and resist abrasion while retaining superhydrophobicity.

Abstract: A paint that imparts a superhydrophobic surface on an object is a suspension of hydrophobic particles in a polymeric binder and a plasticizer in a solvent or mixed solvent. The particles are a metal oxide that is surface functionalized with a fluorinated alkyl silane or an alkyl silane. The binder is a mixture of PDVF and PMMA in a ratio of 3:1 to 10:1. The plasticizer is a mixture of triethylphosphate and perfluoro(butyltetrahydrofuran) or other perfluorinated hydrocarbon. Surfaces coated using this paint display contact angles in excess of 150° and resist abrasion.

Abstract: Durable and optically transparent superhydrophobic surfaces have a coating of ceramic nanoparticles attached to a transparent substrate that are bound to the substrate through a flexible linker and a fluorocarbon moiety is bound to the surface of the ceramic nanoparticles. The nanoparticles provide the topography required for superhydrophobic surfaces and the fluorocarbon attached to the surface renders the particles hydrophobic. The nanoparticles can be metal oxide nanoparticles of dimensions that do not scatter light and the flexible linker can be constructed by an agent that has a group for bonding to the substrate and a reactive group to form a bond with a complementary second reactive group attached to a second agent that has a group for bonding to the nanoparticles.

Abstract: An overcoat that imparts a superhydrophobic surface to a painted surface of an object is a suspension of hydrophobic particles in a polymeric binder and a plasticizer in a solvent or mixed solvent. The particles are a metal oxide that is surface functionalized with a fluorinated alkyl silane or an alkyl silane. Surfaces coated using this paint display contact angles in excess of 150° and resist abrasion while retaining superhydrophobicity.

Abstract: An article having a superhydrophobic or oleophobic ceramic polymer composite surface is formed by the coating of the surface with a fluid comprising a polymer, copolymer, or polymer precursor and a plurality of glass, ceramic, or ceramic-polymer particles. The particles have fluorinated surfaces and at least a portion of the polymer's repeating units that are fluorinated or perfluorinated. The composite can be a cross-linked polymer.

Abstract: A superhydrophobic surface can be formed by contacting an article with a suspension of fluorinated boehmite particles to leave a film of the fluorinated boehmite particles after removal of the suspending fluid. The film can be transparent or the film can be translucent or opaque. When the film is translucent or opaque, the film can render the surface superoleophobic.