Abstract: The present disclosure provides a concentrated and natural, vinegar-derived food additive, wherein the food additive is an antimicrobial food additive or buffering food additive, compositions comprising the vinegar-derived food additive, methods for making the vinegar-derived food additive. The concentrated food additive can have a high acid value. Food products and methods of making food products containing the vinegar-derived food additive are provided. The food products can be meat, poultry, or fish food products.

Abstract: Mixtures and liquid compositions containing the mixtures are provided for treating a food product, especially a meat product. The mixtures can include a soluble fiber and an insoluble fiber, optionally including an ascorbic acid source. The soluble fiber can be a psyllium husk. The insoluble fiber can be a citrus fiber. The ascorbic acid source can be any source high in ascorbic acid, e.g. a citrus juice powder. Methods of treating a food product using the mixtures and liquid compositions are also provided. Treated food products are further provided. The treated food product can be a beef, poultry, pork, fish, or a combination thereof The food product can include an effective amount of the mixture or liquid composition to increase the shelf life of the food product, e.g. by increasing the water holding capacity of the food product and/or decreasing the discoloration of the food product.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a concentrated and natural, vinegar-derived food additive, wherein the food additive is an antimicrobial food additive or buffering food additive, compositions comprising the vinegar-derived food additive, methods for making the vinegar-derived food additive. The concentrated food additive can have a high acid value. Food products and methods of making food products containing the vinegar-derived food additive are provided. The food products can be meat, poultry, or fish food products.