Abstract: A three or four pole low-voltage power switch is disclosed wherein the switch is partly provided with a device for detecting ground faults. For this purpose, the current vectorial sum must be produced in the three or four conductors of a monitored network. For the switches of this type, output signals received from Rogowski coils are directed via resistances to an integration capacitor whose voltage forms an input signal of another measuring amplifier representing the current sum of a monitored network. The output signal of the measuring amplifier is, afterwards processed in a known manner in the microprocessor of an excess-current trip.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement is disclosed for rapidly switching off low-voltage circuit breakers comprising an electronic tripping unit. According to an embodiment, a switching element which is operated in a short-circuit mode during normal operation and to which a fast trip magnet of the low-voltage circuit breaker is connected in parallel is impinged upon by a current that is proportionate to the current monitored by the low-voltage circuit breaker, and the short circuit of the switching element is bypassed when the current monitored by the low-voltage circuit breaker reaches a set threshold value. One respective transformer is serially connected to the power inputs of the electronic tripping unit, the secondary ends of the transformers being interconnected among each other on the direct voltage side while being serially connected to the switching element via bridge rectifiers.

Abstract: A method and a circuit arrangement are disclosed for rapidly switching off low-voltage circuit breakers by impinging a switching element which is operated in a short-circuit mode during normal operation and to which a fast trip magnet is connected in parallel, with a current that is proportionate to the current monitored by the low-voltage circuit breaker while the short circuit of the switching element is bypassed when the current monitored by the low-voltage circuit breaker reaches a set threshold value. The fast trip magnet is at least temporarily short-circuited once again as soon as the monitored current reaches a second given threshold value. A corresponding circuit can be designed such that the switching element is embodied as a switching transistor which can be controlled back into the conducting state by a second monitoring circuit for the current monitored by the low-voltage circuit breaker when a second given threshold value has been reached.

Abstract: An electrical power breaker includes an electronic protective device and an electronic memory. The memory is accommodated in the power breaker such that it is physically separated from said protective device, for operational data for the power breaker. Data security when using the additional electronic memory is increased by the electronic memory being connected to the protective device via a data bus, which can be used to transmit control signals for the purpose of activating or deactivating a write protection device of the electronic memory. The data bus is preferably an I2C bus, and the write protection device is controlled by an I/O module which is likewise controlled by the I2C bus.

Abstract: One problem during the detection of ground faults resides in the fact that the measuring amplifiers have a great amount of tolerance regarding the amplification factor thereof, resulting in a substantial error when errors are handled by means of software. According to the disclosure, the output signals of the measuring amplifiers are summed up phase by phase in a pulse-modulated manner in a summing amplifier. The duration of the pulses generated by the trip are controlled in accordance with the amplification factor of the respective associated measuring amplifier while the output of the summing amplifier represents a ground fault monitoring signal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a corner region between the lateral and rear roof frame of a motor vehicle having a rear door, and to a method for producing it. In order to improve the absorption of mechanical forces acting on the body shell in the roof region in a simple manner, it is proposed to form the corner region from shell-shaped components of the rear roof frame and a D-pillar of the motor vehicle and from a hollow profile formed by internal high pressure, the components and the hollow profile being connected nonreleasably to one another. The hollow profile is designed as a junction component which, with a first, open end, is connected to the D-pillar, with a closed neck aligned with the first, open end, is connected to the shell components of the lateral roof frame and, with a second, open end which is angled away from the longitudinal section of the hollow profile, which extends from the first, open end beyond the neck, is connected to the components of the rear roof frame.

Abstract: A low-voltage power circuit breaker includes an electronic overcurrent release, which draws its operating energy from the power supply system monitored by the low-voltage power circuit breaker, and an operating-state detection device. Since it is possible for the power circuit breaker to switch to a short circuit on connection, it may be appropriate for no undelayed tripping of the power circuit breaker to be permitted directly after connection, or for the tripping time for the delayed tripping to be altered. Provision is made for the operating-state detection device to be a device for detecting a connection operation, whose output signal is fed to the overcurrent release, which sets a different disconnection time for the low-voltage power circuit breaker at the beginning of a connection operation for a predetermined period of time.

Abstract: The circuit contains a primary coil on the core (2) of a magnetic circuit with an air gap and switchable into a line carrying the measurement current. A secondary compensation coil (5), with an order higher winding count and mounted on the core, is connected to the output of a controllable compensation current source (6). The output of a Hall element (11) in the air gap is connected to the control input of the compensation source. A further coil (14) on the core is connected to an additional controllable current generator (15) whose control input (16) is driven by a measurement device (13) for the compensation current via a control and evaluation circuit (17). USE/ADVANTAGE—Measuring a.c. and d.c. Can be produced at low cost and all drift occurring during measurement can be compensated.

Abstract: The invention relates to a corner region between the lateral and rear roof frame of a motor vehicle having a rear door, and to a method for producing it. In order to improve the absorption of mechanical forces acting on the body shell in the roof region in a simple manner, it is proposed that the corner region is formed from shell-shaped components of the rear roof frame and a D-pillar of the motor vehicle and from a hollow profile formed by internal high pressure, the components and the hollow profile being connected nonreleasably to one another, and that the hollow profile is designed as a junction component which, with a first, open end, is connected to the D-pillar and, with a closed neck aligned with the first, open end, is connected to the shell components of the lateral roof frame and, with a second, open end which is angled away from the longitudinal section of the hollow profile, which extends from the first, open end beyond the neck, is connected to the components of the rear roof frame.

Abstract: In order to provide as short a switching delay as possible in an undervoltage release which contains an electromagnet for tripping a switching device, and a driver circuit feeding the winding of the electromagnet, with the driver circuit being used to produce a pulsed holding current for the electromagnet, an electronic switch is fitted in the self-holding circuit that is produced via a freewheeling diode. This electronic switch can be driven as a function of the output signal from an undervoltage detector which is arranged within the driver circuit.

Abstract: A method and circuit arrangement for measuring a current are described, which can be used in electrical engineering to precisely trigger electronic tripping devices in circuit breakers. The current is measured according to magnitude and phase in such a way that only the fundamental wave of the current between precisely determined current zero crossings is sampled at a low sampling rate, and the root mean square is calculated on the basis of the measured phase angle and amplitude. The exact phase angle is measured using a conventional PLL circuit with a downstream zero switch.

Abstract: An electronic tripping device for a circuit breaker contains circuitry for simulating the response curve of a fuse. This circuitry can be controlled by a single setting mechanism representing the nominal currents or rated currents of fuses. This improves the coordination of protection in sophisticated power supply equipment containing both circuit breakers and fuses. Tripping devices equipped with microprocessors or operating in an analog fashion can be configured for the mode of operation. The new protection system achieves particularly safe operation for the user in that the setting mechanism is combined with a rating plug for the “fuse” mode, thus directly setting the tripping device to one current value. In a manner similar to a true fuse, consequently, the setting mechanism is provided with appropriate labeling. The simulated curves may contain a point of inflection below a limit in a lagging manner, to increase the nominal switching capacity and selectivity limit of a circuit breaker.

Abstract: A partition arrangement for a self-supporting body of a motor vehicle has a partition which is arranged at the forward end of a rear space and extends in the transverse direction of the vehicle and along a portion of its height between rear wheel houses of the motor vehicle. The arrangement is detachably fastened to boundary walls of the rear space. The partition extends along almost the entire height of the rear space and is arranged approximately in an upright transverse plane of the vehicle. The partition, moreover, is constructed as a supporting device stiffening the vehicle body against deformation.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement is described for monitoring an electronic tripping device for low-voltage switches having a microprocessor device which, in conjunction with a digital-analog converter, evaluates an overcurrent so that line power supply system. The microprocessor device (MPE) has a zero crossing comparator with which a constant test current pulse is transmittable, at zero crossings, to the electronic tripping device via an additional current transformer winding to measure the amplitude. In the case of deviations from the setpoint value, (re)calibration or actuation of the line tripping contacts, with an alarm signal being emitted, takes place.

Abstract: A reinforcement for a unitized body of a motor vehicle is located in a transverse plane of the vehicle that lies between lateral wheel housings and has a transverse beam that connects the wheel housings with one another in the upper area. The transverse beam is located in an overlapping area with a supporting plate of a parcel shelf at the rear wheel housings and is connected in a reinforcing manner with the supporting plate.

Abstract: An undervoltage circuit breaker has an electromagnet for triggering a switching device and a driver circuit that supplies power to the electromagnet. The driver circuit contains a pulse generator for generating a holding current for the electromagnet and a capacitance dimensioned so that delayed triggering of the electromagnet is possible. Due to the variable pulse duty factor of the pulse generator, the energy content of the capacitance is utilized favorably. An elevated operating voltage can also be selected and therefore a smaller capacitor may be selected to advantage.

Abstract: A process for controlling an overcurrent tripping device of a high-speed d.c. circuit breaker. The input voltage can reach a signal evaluation device for current rise rate via two different paths. The tripping of the high-speed d.c. circuit-breaker is no longer fundamentally delayed by the unavoidable delay experienced by signals applied to a filtering device. A path for the input voltage, existing in parallel to the filter path can be designed such that when the current rises very steeply, the unfiltered (and thus also undelayed) signal reaches the signal evaluation device (i.e., the signal bypasses the filter and is applied to the signal evaluation device) whereas, when the current rises more slowly, the filtered signal is evaluated.