Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the production of polarization holograms, an apparatus for the production of polarization holograms and the use of the polarization holograms according to the invention as data stores, security features or diffractive optical elements for performing conventional optical functions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the production of polarization holograms, an apparatus for the production of polarization holograms and the use of the polarization holograms according to the invention as data stores, security features or diffractive optical elements for performing conventional optical functions.

Abstract: The invention relates devices for recording or reading out an encoded hologram. Said devices are arranged to record or to read out spatially separated data structures, as well as mutually spatially separated data holograms (36) and positioning holograms (37) associated with positioning structures that are structurally simple compared to the data structures. Said positioning holograms (37) can be analyzed separately from the data holograms (36) in order to align a modulation pattern in an iteration. The hologram can thus be correctly aligned relatively easily even in the event of complex data structures or modulation structures.

Abstract: Disclosed is a scanning system havinga light source,a collimator lens,a scanning unit anda scanning objective. The present invention is distinguished by that for the correction of the chromatic aberration over a large wavelength range, only the transverse chromatic aberration of the scanning objective is corrected, and that the intersection lengths of the light rays having wavelengths in the wavelength range over which the scanning system is to be corrected chromatically is dimensioned after the collimator lens in such a manner that the longitudinal chromatic aberration of the scanning system is compensated as well.

Abstract: In a method and apparatus for determining the concentration of optically-active substances in a fluid, such as glucose in the body fluids of a patient, two light sources are used to produce respective polarized light beams which pass through the substance to be analyzed and are incident on a detector. The second beam has a fixed polarization direction relative to the first beam. The light sources are alternatingly switched on and off at a known-frequency. A dispersing element is disposed in the path of each beam. A comparative signal is produced from the beams exiting the substance and incident on the detector.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the quantitative determination of optically active substances includes two light-emitting diodes, each with a respective collimator lens and polarization filter, a cell filled with dialysate, an analyzer, a detector and measurement and evaluation electronics. The clocked light of the light-emitting diodes is linearly polarized by the polarization filters. The polarization directions differ by a few degrees. The polarization direction of the analyzer is aligned essentially perpendicularly relative to the polarization filters, such that the radiation of the two light-emitting diodes passing through an optically non-rotating dialysate generates the same photosignal in the detector.

Abstract: In addition to the metal-fiber filter and molecular sieve of a depressurization system for the containment vessel of a nuclear reactor, within an auxiliary equipment building adjacent the structure surrounding the containment vessel, at least one metal-fiber filter and at least one molecular sieve form filter elements of a system for evacuating the space between the structure and the containment.

Abstract: A process and device for measuring the isotope ratio, specifically of stable isotopes, of chemical substances in a gas to be examined, the process including alternately charging a sample cell with a reference gas and a measuring gas containing the gas to be examined; adding a metrologically neutral gas to the gas to be examined; varying the mixing ratio of this measuring gas by changing the share of neutral gas being added; and calculation of the isotope ratio V.sub.p of the substance according to the equation: ##EQU1## The device includes a White cell having mirrors on each end of the longitudinal length of the cell, a pair of first beam openings located on a longitudinal end, a pair of second beam openings in spaced parallelism on the longitudinal sides of the White cell and a gas inlet and gas outlet located near each mirror.

Abstract: A monochromator apparatus comprises a monochromator (9) and a reversing device (2) which, with the aid of four reversing mirrors (10, 11, 17, 18) shifts the exit ray (13), of a monochromator (9) introduced in an intermediate focus of an external path of rays (4, 5), in the external path of rays (5) so that the external path of rays (4, 5) will not be influenced by the presence or absence of the monochromator apparatus (2, 9).

Abstract: In a device for the cooling of optoelectronic components (1) with an evacuated cooler housing mounted on a base, in which there are provided at least one holding device for components (1) which is thermally coupled with the cold station of a cooling unit through at least one flexible metal band (19), the housing of the cooling unit is for vibrational decoupling connected with the cooler housing and sealed against atmospheric pressure through ring-shaped rubber-elastic sealing means. The at least one holding device (8), through a flexible metal band (19) thermally coupled to a cold station, of a refrigeration unit, that protrudes into the cooler housing, comprises a retaining plate (17) which is arranged on one end of a thin-walled, essentially prismatic or cylindrical body from a thermally poorly conductive material, specifically epoxy resin panels (9, 10, 11, 12).

Abstract: In the process of sealing decorative anodized aluminum oxide coatings in hot aqueous solutions, superior results are obtained when the sealing solutions contain 1-phosphonopropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid, 1,1-diphosphonopropane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, and/or alkali metal and/or alkanolamine salts of these acids. The presence of these acids or their salts prevents the formation of bloom and allows shorter sealing times with equivalent quality, and the addition of as little as 1 ppm of aluminum ions to such solutions also prevents iridescence.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl-5-decyne-4,7-diol for breaking oil-in-water emulsions and in regenerating used cleaning compositions by making it possible to remove emulsified oils therefrom.

Abstract: The operator projects motion-picture film using a projector. A counter counts frame pulses during both forwards and reverse film transport, and thereby keeps track at all times of the film frame count. The operator during forwards projection when he sees the start or end of a scene pressss a storage switch which causes the scene-start or scene-end frame count to be stored. The operator also preselects the type of recording-transition effect to be implemented. The operator then commands dubbing of the scene, whereupon a minicomputer begins to automatically implement a series of operations, including projector motor control and recording control, to implement the selected recording-transition effect, in a programmed manner dependent upon the stored frame counts and the instantaneous frame count. In the middle of the dubbing of a scene, the operator can change the transition effect he selects, to produce a transition effect at the scene end different from that selected for the scene start.

Abstract: A bumper for an object to be protected, such as an automobile, has a closed profile-section support element comprised of a rigid rear support and a front hollow section made of deformable material. The front section has two freely extending shank portions that are separably connected with the rigid support. The front section contains reenforcing ribs extending between the shank portions with their free edges arranged opposite, and at least approximately parallel to the front portion of the rigid support. In order to equalize tensile stresses and prevent tearing of the reenforcing ribs on impact, at least some of these ribs are provided with a semi-circular recess in the mid-zone of their free edges.

Abstract: Infrared radiation from a laser is directed in part or intermittently through a sample containing a low concentration gas in a host gas. The other part or the interspersed radiation by-passes the sample. Emitted and transmitted radiation is separately detected and the ratio is formed representing relative transmission. The frequency of the laser is varied so that different frequencies but within the same absorbtion band of the gas to be detected are used. The relative transmissions for different frequencies are used to calculate electrically the concentration of the gas.

Abstract: An elastic damper which engages the film between the supply reel and the film gate of a motion picture projector has an elongated first leg which loops the film and is pivotable with respect to a second leg which is reciprocable between bridges and is biased forwardly so as to urge the first leg against the film. When the tension of film fluctuates within a normal range, such as is attributable to intermittent operation of the pull-down, the first leg merely pivots while the second leg remains stationary. If the tension of film increases so that the pivotal movement of the first leg is more pronounced, the second leg is shifted against spring bias to effect a reduction of the size of the loop. This insures that the inclination of the film portion between the gate and the first leg remains substantially unchanged.