Abstract: A fuel injector, in particular an injection valve for fuel injection systems of internal combustion engines, has a piezoelectric actuator or magnetostrictive actuator sealed against a fuel by an actuator seal and it has a valve closing body actuatable by the actuator and working together with a valve seat face to form a tight seat. The actuator seal includes a sealing element on the inlet end and a sealing element on the injection end, both designed to be elastically deformable and frictionally engaged with an actuating sleeve. The actuator acts on valve closing body by way of the actuating sleeve, thus at least partially compensating the forces generated by the fuel pressure and acting on the actuator by way of the actuating sleeve.

Abstract: A method and a device for controlling a controller having a capacitive element. An ohmic resistor is connected in parallel to the capacitive element. The value of the ohmic resistor is determined at certain times, and then the type and/or temperature of the capacitive element is deduced on the basis of the value of the resistor.

Abstract: A method and a device for controlling a controller having a capacitive element. An ohmic resistor is connected in parallel to the capacitive element. The value of the ohmic resistor is determined at certain times, and then the type and/or temperature of the capacitive element is deduced on the basis of the value of the resistor.

Abstract: An x-ray detector system has a collimator with a number of spaced walls respectively defining collimator channels therebetween. A detector element is disposed at the end of each collimator channel in the direction of radiation propagation. Each detector element has a radiation transducer contained in a housing. Each transducer has a width which is substantially the same at the width of the collimator channel with which it is associated, and the lateral walls of the detector element housing are substantially in registry with the collimator walls in the direction of radiation propagation, so as to lie within the shadow of the collimator walls. This x-ray detector system thereby achieves a high filling factor.