Abstract: A snap ring for guiding rolling elements between an inner ring and an outer ring of a bearing assembly includes an annular body having an axially facing side surface and a radially extending flange. The body is circular and has a circumferential gap between a first end of the body and a second end of the body and a recess in the side surface near the gap. The recess is configured such that a tool is introducible into the recess from outside the bearing assembly in order to remove the snap ring from the bearing assembly.

Abstract: A snap ring for guiding rolling elements between an inner ring and an outer ring of a bearing assembly includes an annular body having an axially facing side surface and a radially extending flange. The body is circular and has a circumferential gap between a first end of the body and a second end of the body and a recess in the side surface near the gap. The recess is configured such that a tool is introducible into the recess from outside the bearing assembly in order to remove the snap ring from the bearing assembly.

Abstract: An electric power steering system, and in particular a power-assisted steering system for a vehicle, comprises a steering transmission housing and a housing cover which forms an axial closure of the steering transmission housing and which is penetrated by an axially displaceable component of the steering transmission. In order to provide an electric power steering system which is easy to assemble and is not susceptible to wear, in an axially outer region of the housing cover, a first guide bushing for the axially displaceable component is integrated in the housing cover.

Abstract: An electric servomotor for a power-assisted steering system in a vehicle has a stator laminated core having an outer diameter and an active length. In order to provide an electric servomotor for a power-assisted steering system that has an optimum diameter/length ratio and that covers a steering performance range from compact cars to full-size vehicles using a reasonable change in volume, it is provided that, with a constant outer diameter, the ratio of the outer diameter to the active length of the stator laminated core can be varied such that the electric servomotor can be used for power-assisted steering systems for compact cars up to full-size cars and the outer diameter is constant.

Abstract: A proportional pressure adjustment valve is described which comprises one valve part with inlet and outlet openings (4) and at least one closing mechanism (7) for control of a valve (12), the same as a magnet part having one magnet core, one magnet coil and one displaceably disposed magnet armature. An actuating element (11) cooperates with the armature, actuating the spherical closing mechanism (7). The hydraulically active cross section of the valve (12) is essentially determined by the length of the valve (L), the diameter of the valve (D) and th diameter (d) of the part (13) of the actuating element (11) which penetrates into the valve. According to invention, the ratio of the length of the valve (L) to the diameter of the valve (d) is less than 2.0.

Abstract: A continuously variable transmission for a motor vehicle, possessing a variator (2, 2?) with a primary V-pulley set (3, 3?) and a secondary V-pulley set (4, 4?). In this arrangement are a primary V-pulley disk (5, 5?) and a secondary V-pulley disk (6, 6?), which are axially slidable by hydraulic force for the controlled adjustment of a pressure can be, respectively, loaded with an oil flow through an electro-hydraulically controlled pressure supply apparatus (1, 1?). The pressure supply apparatus (1,1?) is so designed, that the oil flow is brought to the V-pulley disks (5, 5?, 5, 6?) through a pressure line (8, 8?, 9, 9?) with at least one pressure controller (10, 10?, 11, 11?) and one pressure chamber (12, 12?, 13, 13?) with a variable volume (V1, V2).

Abstract: An insulated coil for wires of electrical engines and magnets, especially for a motor vehicle, that consisting of insulated materials permitting operating temperatures above 200° C.

Abstract: The invention relates to a proportional valve, especially for regulating the shifting pressure in an automatic transmission for a motor vehicle. The inventive valve is subdivided into a hydraulic section and into an electric section by a magnetic interface (XXXX). The bearing points (1, 2) of the hydraulic valve slide are arranged on the side of the valve opposite the electric coil, i.e. in the hydraulic section, so that the armature (5) projects into the coil space in a floating manner.

Abstract: A proportional pressure adjustment valve is described which comprises one valve part with inlet and outlet openings (4) and at least one closing mechanism (7) for control of a valve (12), the same as a magnet part having one magnet core, one magnet coil and one displaceably disposed magnet armature. An actuating element (11) cooperates with the armature, actuating the spherical closing mechanism (7). The hydraulically active cross section of the valve (12) is essentially determined by the length of the valve (L), the diameter of the valve (D) and th diameter (d) of the part (13) of the actuating element (11) which penetrates into the valve. According to invention, the ratio of the length of the valve (L) to the diameter of the valve (d) is less than 2.0.

Abstract: Pressure regulating valve comprising a connection for a pressure line (P), a connection for a working line (A), a connection for an outlet line (T) communicating with the ambient pressure and at least two diaphragm stages with defined or definable drag, the two diaphragm stages being connected to each other in a variable manner and subject to mechanical or hydraulic action according to the principle of the hydraulic half bridge. The two variable diaphragm stages are provided as the inlet and outlet diaphragms of a pressure regulating chamber (7) and each has a sealing element, said sealing element (5) of the inlet diaphragm (3) is designed as ball, or calotte, ortruncated cone, or cylinder and/or the sealing element of the outlet diaphragm is designed as ball, or calotte, or truncated cone, or cylinder.

Abstract: The invention relates to a user-specific vehicle with adjustable and settable components such as an engine, transmission, running, gear, seats, anti-theft device, air conditioning, etc. The identity of the driver is determined for user-specific configuration of a component. The user-specific characteristics are recalled or set. Then follows a user-specific setting of the component. Said setting can be conducted by the manufacturer at the end of the production line at customer's request or individually when the driver operates the vehicle.

Abstract: Pressure regulating valve comprising a connection for a pressure line (P), a connection for a working line (A), a connection for an outlet line (T) communicating with the ambient pressure and at least two diaphragm stages with defined or definable drag, the two diaphragm stages being connected to each other in a variable manner and subject to mechanical or hydraulic action according to the principle of the hydraulic half bridge. The two variable diaphragm stages are provided as the inlet and outlet diaphragms of a pressure regulating chamber (7) and each has a sealing element, said sealing element (5) of the inlet diaphragm (3) is designed as ball, or calotte, or truncated cone, or cylinder and/or the sealing element of the outlet diaphragm is designed as ball, or calotte, or truncated cone, or cylinder.

Abstract: A device for controlling the gear ratio of a continuously variable transmission. The theoretical rotational speed or transmission ratio is fed to the signal input of a set-value filter (44). The time constant (T.sub.-- RS) of the set-value filter (44) is adaptively controlled so that the change in transmission ratio takes place in accordance with a transition function whose limit is defined by a maximum variation speed. The principal advantage of the invention is that the vehicle is not slowed when shifting down to lower transmission ratios.

Abstract: The invention concerns a control system for shifting gears in an automatic shift transmission (3) by using fuzzy logic methods. Vehicle parameters form input variables (8) that are continuously detected by appropriate means (9). These input variables are further processed in downstream functional blocks (11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17). Gearshifting points that ensure an economical driving are determined in the functional block (11) according to fuzzy logic methods. Besides a set of basic fuzzy logic generating rules, additional rules are used to improve driving. For that purpose, the input quantity "desired performance" is taken into consideration in both sets of rules. The desired performance may be a desired acceleration or a desired deceleration. A closed regulation circuit is formed by converting the fictitious quantity desired performance and the quantity driving manner to a physical quantity.

Abstract: The invention concerns a gear-change control systems (10) for an automatic transmission (3). Input variables, derived from a driver-vehicle system, are established. Output variables are established by fuzzy logic methods and used to determine a gear-change ratio. A fuzzy logic module, which imitates the operating method of a logical flip-flop and additionally permits continuous intermediate values, is used to consider driving states brought about by different situations.

Abstract: In a shifting device such as generally used in automatic transmissions, a regulating device (15) is provided by the swiveling of which to a shifting gate (13) the automatic multiplication stages can be preselected. Besides, the regulating device can be transferred to a second shifting gate (14) via a transverse gate (17). According to the invention, in the second shifting gate (14) a characteristic field (1) is influenced by a continuously variable incremental or decremental change of individual operation parameters or a combination of at least two parameters. The operation parameters consist of the engine speed, the transmission ratio and the output speed.

Abstract: The invention concerns a control system (10) for changing automatic gears (3) that operates according to fuzzy logic methods. All the fuzzy-production rules are divided into at least three sections: a set of basic rules to determine the gear-changing point in a consumption-oriented driving style, a set of adaptation rules to modify the set of basic rules depending on a current driving style and an identification set of rules for classifying the driver according to his/her driving style. By way of a supplementary set of adaptation rules the set of basic rules can be additionally modified according to a current driving condition. Individual function blocks (11 to 15) operate preferably according to the same inference mechanism. Gamma operators are used in order to approximate as closely as possible human behavior. A process is proposed for generating membership functions to determine a running condition by fuzzy-production rules.

Abstract: In a process for controlling the torque of an internal combustion engine, an automatic gear system driven by the internal combustion engine includes a gear control device (1) and the internal combustion engine has a control device which, based on speed, load and, where appropriate, temperature signals, controls an ignition angle of an ignition system and/or an injection pulse width of a fuel injection system. The gear control device (1), for its part, controls on the basis of speed and load requirement signals the gear changes of the automatic gear.

Abstract: A process for controlling a clutch incorporated between the driving engine (M) and the gearbox (G) of a motor vehicle, in which the clutch is a bridging clutch (WK) of a hydrodynamic unit or a separating clutch (K) in a driving train. The process uses devices to measure the engine speed (n-M) and the gearbox output speed (n-ab) and a slip regulating switch mechanism (1). The slip regulating switch mechanism (1) determines the pressure for an actuator (3) of the clutch. The control deviations are derived from a comparison (4) of predetermined slip reference values (w) and the actual slip values (s) obtained from the equipment speeds, and converted to pressures in accordance with a predetermined control algorithm in the regulator (6). The clutch output speed (n-K, n-WK) required for a determination of the slip is obtained from the gear ratio (G-x) and the gear output speed (n-ab).

Abstract: In order to adapt the shifting characteristics of an electrohydraulically controlled, automatically shifting transmission continuously to the dirver's driving style or to a just existing or real time traffic situation, the driving speed (v), the lateral acceleration (aq), the longitudinal acceleration (alb), the longitudinal deceleration (alv) and the engine rotational speed (nmot) in addition to the throttle valve position alpha, are detected and by way of characteristic diagrams and a linking function are added to form a parameter from which, by filtering, a driving activity is determined. This driving activity is finally used for the selection of a shifting program from a plurality of shifting programs ranging from a consumption-optimized shifting program (SKF1) to a power-optimized shifting program (SKF5).