Abstract: A process for the production of fatty acid mixtures containing a high proportion of C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 -fatty acids consisting essentially of (1) transesterifying mixtures consisting essentially of C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 -fatty acid alkyl esters with from 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl with glycerine at 160.degree. to 250.degree. C. in the presence of transesterification catalysts with removal of the C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkanol formed, (2) adding the C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 -fatty acid glycerides to a C.sub.6 -C.sub.18 -fatty acid glyceride selected from the group consisting of coconut oil, palm kernel oil and mixtures thereof, (3) subjecting the mixture of glycerides to lipolysis in the presence of an excess of water at 200.degree. C. to 250.degree. C. at the autogenous pressure in the absence of a catalyst until until the required degree of splitting is achieved and (4) recovering a fatty acid mixture containing a high proportion of C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 -fatty acids.

Abstract: A process for the continuous production of triacetin consisting essentially of continuously charging liquid glycerol into a first liquid reaction area through which acetic acid vapors and water vapors flow, said liquid reaction area being divided into a number of separate individual areas through which liquid glycerol and liquid acetin reaction products flow in one direction and gaseous acetic acid and water flow in a countercurrent direction, continuously charging acetic acid vapor to a separate individual area where said liquid mixture has an OH number of less than 600, continuously separating a liquid mixture of acetins and water having an OH number of less than 600, continuously passing said liquid mixture into a second liquid reaction area, continuously adding thereto liquid acetic acid anhydride in an amount sufficient to react with water dissolved in said liquid mixture to form acetic acid and to react with monoacetin and diacetin present to form triacetin and continuously recovering triacetin.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 1,2-diols having at least 4 carbon atoms by hydrolysis of the corresponding 1,2-epoxide compound with water in the presence of catalysts at elevated temperatures characterized in that salts of primary, secondary and/or tertiary amines with organic and/or inorganic acids, and/or quaternary ammonium salts, are used as catalysts.

Abstract: Mixtures of vicinal aminoalkanols of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are alkyl having from 1 to 21 carbon atoms and the sum of the carbon atoms in R.sub.1 +R.sub.2 is from 6 to 22, A is a member selected from the group consisting of alkylene having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms and methylalkylene having from 3 to 7 carbon atoms, y is an integer from 1 to 3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are members selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and hydroxyalkyl having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and their salts with organic carboxylic acids, said mixtures having at least two different adjacent chain lengths of ##STR2## in the range of from 8 to 24 carbon atoms with the proviso that the vicinal substituents are distributed statistically; as well as their process of preparation and their application as corrosion inhibitors.

Abstract: Aqueous media having a dissolved content of a small amount, (less than 100 p.p.m.) of a mixture of aminoalkanols of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each represent H and C.sub.1-18 unbranched alkyl substituents (the sum of the carbon atoms in R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 being 9 to 18), R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 each represent H,C.sub.1-4 alkyl and C.sub.2-4 hydroxyalkyl substituents, x represents 2 to 6, and y represents 0 to 1, the ##STR2## units in the aminoalkanols being of at least two different chain lengths in the range of 11 to 20 carbon atoms, possess decreased tendency to corrode iron-containing metals including steel. The mixtures are also useful in salt form. The efficiency of the mixture is improved by various additives which act synergistically therewith.

Abstract: Stable, pumpable, aqueous suspensions of water-insoluble, calcium-binding aluminosilicates suitable as stock suspensions comprising (A) from 20% to 55% by weight of at least one finely-divided, water-insoluble silicate compound having a calcium-binding power of at least 50 mg CaO/gm of anhydrous active substance and having the formula, combined water not shown(M.sub.2/n O).sub.x.Me.sub.2 O.sub.3.(SiO.sub.2).sub.ywhere M is a cation of the valence n, exchangeable with calcium, x is a number of from 0.7 to 1.5, Me is aluminum or boron, and y is a number from 0.8 to 6, (B) from 0.2% to 5% by weight of at least one organic dispersing agent as follows:lower alkylene oxide or glycide adducts of the reaction product of .epsilon.-caprolactam with an N-mono- or di-higher alkyl/alkenyl-alkylenediamine.

Abstract: Stable, pumpable, aqueous suspensions of water-insoluble, calcium-binding aluminosilicates suitable as stock suspensions comprising (A) from 20% to 55% by weight of at least one finely-divided, water-insoluble silicate compound having a calcium-binding power of at least 50 mg CaO/gm of anhydrous active substance and having the formula, combined water not shown(M.sub.2/n O).sub.x . Me.sub.2 O.sub.3 . (SiO.sub.2).sub.ywhere M is a cation of the valence n, exchangeable with calcium, x is a number of from 0.7 to 1.5, Me is aluminum or boron, and y is a number from 0.8 to 6, (B) from 0.2% to 5% by weight of at least one organic dispersing agent as follows:(1) lower alkylene oxide or glycide adducts of an N-higher alkyl/alkenyl-alkylenediamine,(2) lower alkylene oxide or glycide adducts of the reaction product of .epsilon.

Abstract: A surface-active compound combination for use in textile washing agent compositions consisting essentially of(1) at least one tenside of the anionic sulfonate or sulfate type or non-ionic ethoxylated type, and(2) at least one hydroxyalkylamine having vicinal oxygen and nitrogen bridging atoms, ethoxylated/propoxylated derivatives thereof, acylated derivatives thereof, or ethoxylated/propoxylated acylated derivatives thereof, where the amount of component (1) to component (2) is in the weight ratio of 100:1 to 1:1. The surface-active compound composition is useful in preparation of low temperature detergents and low phosphate detergents.

Abstract: The tendency of particles of water-soluble hygroscopic salts and fertilizers containing water-soluble hygroscopic salts to cake when allowed to stand is decreased when the particles have a uniformly distributed surface content of an aminoalkanol material selected from the group consisting of (1) a mixture of vicinal aminoalkanols of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each represent H or --(CH.sub.2).sub.1-18 H; R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 together contain 9-18 carbon atoms; and R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 each represent H, C.sub.1-4 alkyl and C.sub.2-4 hydroxyalkyl; and (2) salts thereof with water-soluble acids.The aminoalkanols can be applied from organic solvent or water solution, or as a hot melt.

Abstract: Water-soluble quaternary ammonium compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each alkyl groups of C.sub.1-15 chain length wherein the sum of the carbon atoms in said groups is 9 to 18; R.sub.3 represents a C.sub.1-5 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group; R.sub.4 represents a C.sub.1-5 alkyl, hydroxyalkyl or benzyl group; R.sub.5 represents a benzyl group; and X represents a salt-forming anion, are effective retardant-levelling agents in the dyeing of anionic polyacrylonitrile fibers with basic (i.e. cationic) dyes.

Abstract: Corrodible iron-containing metals (including steel) possess decreased tendency to corrode when contacted with aqueous media (including dilute strong mineral acids) when they carry a surface coating of mixtures of aminoalkanols of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each represent a C.sub.1-21 alkyl; and wherein the sum of the carbon atoms in R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is 6 to 22. The vicinal ##STR2## substituents are non-terminal and are preferably uniformly distributed along the chain. The aminoalkanols are useful both in free base and in salt form.

Abstract: A process for the extraction of heavy metal ions capable of forming complexes with amines from dilute aqueous heavy metal salt solutions consisting essentially of the steps ofA. dissolving from 2% to 15% by weight, based on the weight of the dilute aqueous heavy metal salt solution, of at least one vicinal aminoalkanol of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are unbranched alkyl having from 1 to 17 carbon atoms and the sum of the carbon atoms in R.sub.1 + R.sub.2 is from 7 to 18, A is a member selected from the group consisting of alkylene having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms and methylalkylene having from 3 to 7 carbon atoms, and y is an integer from 1 to 2, with the proviso that the vicinal substituents are distributed statistically, in a dilute aqueous heavy metal salt solution in the absence of organic solvents, at a temperature below the turbidity temperature of said vicinal aminoalkanols;B. heating the solution to a temperature of at least 10.degree.

Abstract: Secondary alcohol ether ethoxylates having the formula ##EQU1## wherein R.sub.1 is an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical with 4 to 18 carbon atoms, R.sub.2 is an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical with 1 to 10 carbon atoms, x and y are integers 0 and 1, z is an average value from 3 to 18, the sum of the carbon atoms of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is from 6 to 22 and the sum of x + y is 1, as well as methods for their production and washing agent compositions containing them.

Abstract: A method for the production of hydroxyalkyl glycol ethers comprises reacting non-terminal epoxides with ethylene glycol in the presence of an alkoxylation catalyst and saturated hydrocarbons, in particular, saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons, as solvents.