Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods and systems for configuring a raman amplifier. One exemplary system may be provided with a raman amplifier having a plurality of raman pumps and a controller, and a network administration device. The network administration device generates and deploys a first machine learning model and a second machine learning model to the controller of the raman amplifier. A desired gain profile may be automatically assessed using the first machine learning model to determine raman pump configurations for each of the plurality of raman pumps of the raman amplifier. The raman pump configurations for each of the plurality of raman pumps of the raman amplifier may be processed with the second machine learning model to produce an output gain profile. The determined raman pump configurations are deployed only if the output gain profile and the desired gain profile match to within a margin of error.

Abstract: A method of determining contributions of different sources of signal degradation for optical signals transmitted over an optical link in an optical transmission system, comprising measuring a performance value (P) of a signal transmission on said optical link, deriving, from the performance value, an auxiliary noise power value (PN) based on a predetermined relationship between the performance value (P) and the auxiliary noise power value (PN), wherein the auxiliary noise power value (PN) comprises contributions of amplified spontaneous emission power (PA) generated on the optical link and a link-related equivalent noise power contributions (PL) representing other sources of signal degradation upon transmission on the optical link, measuring or deriving an OSNR-related value (Q) for the signal transmission on the optical link, wherein the OSNR-related value (Q) corresponds to or is at least indicative of an actual OSNR on the optical link, and distinguishing, based on the auxiliary noise power value (PN) and

Abstract: An optical differentially phase shift keyed or DPSK binary signal which in the event of phase changes exhibits amplitude reductions and is phase-demodulated is provided. The received optical DPSK binary signal is additionally amplitude-demodulated and resulting phase and amplitude information is evaluated.

Abstract: A cross connector for the transparent switching of optical signals is disclosed, comprising a first switching module with one or several switching modules of varying granularity, such as patch panel, wavelength groups or/and wavelengths. A second switching device is connected in series with the first switching device and comprises a polarization multiplex switching granularity.

Abstract: Method for reducing signal degradation in an optical polarisation-multiplex system. The modulated optical signals to be transmitted are synchronised or generated such that the phase difference for NRZ-modulated signals is at least approximately 0° and the phase difference for RZ-modulated signals is at least approximately 180°. They can also be achieved by means of different synchronising devices.

Abstract: A cross connector for the transparent switching of optical signals is disclosed, comprising a first switching module with one or several switching modules of varying granularity, such as patch panel, wavelength groups or/and wavelengths. A second switching device is connected in series with the first switching device and comprises a polarisation multiplex switching granularity.

Abstract: In one aspect, a WDM signal is assigned to a number of sub-bands with the channel spacing being correspondingly enlarged in each sub-band. The spectral hole burning is hereby essentially reduced, since this effect is restricted to the adjacent channels. The complete WDM signal is first pre-amplified before being divided into sub-bands.

Abstract: In one aspect a method for combining time-division multiplex signals in order to obtain a time-division multiplex signal, all of the signals having the same number on the periodic time-division multiplexed channels is provided. According to the method, a novel allocation of the content in non-occupied channels of the time-division multiplex signals is controlled in such a manner by a mutual time displacement of the content of occupied channels in the time-division multiplex signals, such that the combination thereof in the obtained time-division signal is collision free. In another aspect an arrangement which is suitable for carrying out the method, wherein any particular two time-division multiplex signals, for example, multiple bit rates of 10, 40, 80, 120, 160, etc. GBit/s are combined in a collision free manner.

Abstract: An optical differentially phase shift keyed or DPSK binary signal which in the event of phase changes exhibits amplitude reductions and is phase-demodulated is provided. The received optical DPSK binary signal is additionally amplitude-demodulated and resulting phase and amplitude information is evaluated.

Abstract: Method for reducing signal degradation in an optical polarisation-multiplex system. The modulated optical signals to be transmitted are synchronised or generated such that the phase difference for NRZ-modulated signals is at least approximately 0° and the phase difference for RZ-modulated signals is at least approximately 180°. They can also be achieved by means of different synchronising devices.