Abstract: A method for diagnosing errors in an intake system of an internal combustion engine having a variable intake manifold geometry is provided. According to the method, an air mass flow oscillation in the intake manifold is detected at an engine rotational speed that is present, the detected air mass flow oscillation is subjected to signal analysis to determine a characteristic actual oscillation variable which is compared to a setpoint oscillation variable associated with the engine rotational speed that is present.

Abstract: A method for diagnosing errors in an intake system of an internal combustion engine having a variable intake manifold geometry is provided. According to the method, an air mass flow oscillation in the intake manifold is detected at an engine rotational speed that is present, the detected air mass flow oscillation is subjected to signal analysis to determine a characteristic actual oscillation variable which is compared to a setpoint oscillation variable associated with the engine rotational speed that is present.

Abstract: A device for setting movement behavior of gas-exchange valves of an internal combustion engine with a camshaft. The device has a control unit that generates a setting signal for a setting element of a setting device that adjusts the camshaft. A pilot control system is provided which additively corrects the setting signal including determining an estimated value for adjusting the camshaft without taking account of the delay time of the setting device.

Abstract: A method of operating an apparatus for the cleaning of industrial waste gases and especially power plant flue gases. The gases are fed through a quencher to a first scrubber with its own recirculation and upstream of a second scrubber having its own recirculation and aerosols of halogen compounds which are eliminated by providing the quencher is part of a prescrubber or by forming the downstream scrubber with a wet electrostatic precipitator.

Abstract: A heat-shrinkable envelope of at least one shrinkable surface layer and a reinforcing insert has the reinforcing insert formed of a grid of plastic, and the grid is shrinkable in the shrink direction of the shrinkable layer.

Abstract: The projector has an essentially afocal projection system, in particular for the reproduction of three-dimensional images. This system has a system of convex lenses (1) on the side of the object and a Fresnel lens (2) on the side of the image. The lenses are larger than the transverse dimension of the object to be reproduced. By providing a double reflection (3, 4), this projection system is able to generate, in addition to the reproduction of two-dimensional images, a three-dimensional image of a real, three-dimensional object, "positioned in space" and whose sides are correctly aligned for the benefit of an observer. Preferably, a plane mirror (3) is used for this purpose as well as a beam splitter (4) that is inclined by about 45.degree. with respect to the main axis (5) of the system of convex lenses (1).

Abstract: A method for producing a tight termination at an introduction region of a shrinkable cable sleeve characterized by positioning the seal element between the cables, said seal element having a material deformable by the application of heat so that upon heating of the cable sleeve, the sleeve shrinks onto the cables to extend tangentially therebetween and the seal element fills the spaces between the cables and the walls of the cable sleeve. The seal element may be secured either to the cable sleeve or to one of the cables or to both. The seal element preferably has a fixed part of metal and a sealable part which will deform with the application of heat.

Abstract: The process removes acid components including sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides from the exhaust gases of industrial furnaces and includes oxidizing the nitrogen oxide contained in the exhaust gases with the oxygen contained in the exhaust gases at a exhaust gases temperature between 300.degree. and 900.degree. C. before entry of the gases into a first absorption stage, with an addition to the exhaust gases of an organic compound, preferably methanol, as a radical former. After oxidation of nitrogen oxides the exhaust gases undergo a two-stage absorption using aqueous ammonium salt solutions as absorption liquid, whose pH-value is continuously adjusted to less than 5 by addition of aqueous ammonia solution. The mol ratio of NO.sub.2 to SO.sub.2 in the exhaust gases introduced to the second absorption stage is maintained between 0.01 and 0.5 by diverting a portion of the exhaust gases prior to the first absorption stage to the second absorption stage.

Abstract: A method is provided for removing nitrogen oxides from waste gases, said method comprising the steps of oxidizing the nitrogen oxides in the waste gases by contacting the waste gases in a gas phase with an oxidizing agent to form NO.sub.2 ; absorbing the formed NO.sub.2 in an absorbing stage by contacting the oxidized waste gases with an absorbing agent to form an absorbing product while substituting fresh water for vaporized water in corresponding amounts; and processing the resultant absorbing product as a solution.

Abstract: A method of simultaneously removing SO.sub.x and NO.sub.x from waste gases. Using a known desulfurization process the waste gases free of the acidic components are contacted with an oxidizing agent in the gas phase for the oxidation of the oxygen of nitrogen contained in the waste gases. The formed NO.sub.2 is absorbed in a subsequent absorbing stage under previous addition of NH.sub.3 and the thereby obtained absorbing product is oxidized to form ammonium nitrate in a subsequent oxidation stage with atmospheric oxygen and then reconveyed into the desulfurization process.

Abstract: A multiple hot runner injection bush for lateral tunnel gating, with a foot and a shaft heated by a heating element and a central hot sprue arranged therein, furthermore, with a heated nozzle head which contains radially extending injection channels. The technical problem of the invention is seen in the exact heat control and adjustment of the nozzle head if a plurality of mould nests is gated. The nozzle head is provided as a plate-like head and projects beyond the diameter of the shaft by a multiple distance of the diameter of the shaft (two times through five times). The nozzle head incorporates, at least, four radially extending injection channels. The nozzle head comprises a plane ring face, adjacent to the shaft, and an outer covering apron. A copper ring is attached on the ring face. The copper ring carries a spirally arranged high capacity coil heater.

Abstract: Trisazo dyes containing sulfo groups and having the formula: ##STR1## which for the most part give black colorations on paper and particularly on leather and are therefore especially useful as leather dyes.

Abstract: A mixture of brominated oligomeric polystyrenes, having a degree of polymerization of from 3 to 400, and low molecular weight brominated aromatic compounds of the diphenyl ether type is obtained by polymerizing the non-brominated starting materials, in a halohydrocarbon solvent, using a Lewis acid catalyst. The reaction mixture is then brominated and extracted with water to remove hydrogen bromide and catalyst, and the solvent and volatile constituents are separated from the product. The bromination is carried out at from -30.degree. C. to +130.degree. C. The final mixtures have a low melt viscosity and are therefore particularly suitable for incorporation, as a flameproofing agent, into thermoplastics.

Abstract: Apparatus for injection moulding thermoplastic material is disclosed wherein a heavy-duty sprue bush is heated along a substantial portion of its length to keep the thermoplastic material from solidifying during interruptions in the moulding cycle. The apparatus provides for minimal contact between the heated sprue bush and the moulding die to prevent heat transfer between them. This is achieved by maintaining an air gap between the bush and the die except at points where the thermoplastic material passes into the moulding cavity. Sprue runners oriented generally parallel to the mould joint line are aligned with cavity injection openings which are similarly oriented. These injection openings pass through a thin wall of the mould that extends generally perpendicularly to the joint line such that when the moulds are open, the sprue is cleanly severed from the moulded article.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an indolenine of the general formula I ##STR1## where R, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are aliphatic radicals and R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may also be linked and the ring A may be additionally substituted, wherein a compound of the formula II ##STR2## is heated in the presence of a Lewis acid and of a halide. The products are valuable starting compounds for the preparation of dyes.

Abstract: Styrene polymers or copolymers containing bromine are manufactured by cationic polymerization of the monomer, or of the monomer plus a copolymerizable monomer of the isobutylene or nuclear-alkylated styrene type, in an organic solvent in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst. Bromine is then added to the solution without first working up the latter. The catalyst used for the bromination is the same as that used for the polymerization. If necessary, fresh catalyst may be added before the bromination. After completion of the bromination the reaction solution is extracted with water until it is bromide-free, and the solvent, generally a halohydrocarbon, is then stripped off. Products containing up to about 80% by weight of bromine may be obtained. They have a pale yellowish color and exhibit no significant decomposition up to 340.degree. C. They may be used as flame-proofing agents for thermoplastics.