Abstract: A flow-by electrode unit is provided, in particular for a redox flow battery, including a flow-by electrode which includes a substrate and has at least one open flux surface structure. Moreover, a use of the flow-by electrode unit, a method of manufacturing a flow-by electrode unit, a redox flow battery system and a use thereof, and a method of operating a redox flow battery system is described.

Abstract: An air-conditioning device and an air conditioning method make it possible to reduce the problem that, on entry in a tunnel with a warm internal temperature, in the case of otherwise cold outside temperatures as a result of which, inter alia, the vehicle windowpanes and exterior mirror surfaces are cooled, this cold windowpane and exterior mirror surfaces, the surface temperature of which is lower than the dew-point temperature of the warm air in the tunnel interior, immediately fog up, since the absolute humidity on the surface then corresponds to more than 100% relative humidity. The air-conditioning device according to the invention and the air-conditioning method according to the invention use data supplied by already existing sensors and relating to the ambient weather, for example temperature data from an outside temperature sensor and moisture data from a dew-point sensor, in order to detect weather which is critical to this fogging.

Abstract: In a method and apparatus for controlling air flow in the interior of a motor vehicle, when a threshold speed is exceeded, storage of an error message in an air conditioning control appliance is prevented. For this purpose, the device has corresponding sensor systems in order to define parameters which are used for determining the threshold speed.

Abstract: An air-conditioning device and an air conditioning method make it possible to reduce the problem that, on entry in a tunnel with a warm internal temperature, in the case of otherwise cold outside temperatures as a result of which, inter alia, the vehicle windowpanes and exterior mirror surfaces are cooled, this cold windowpane and exterior mirror surfaces, the surface temperature of which is lower than the dew-point temperature of the warm air in the tunnel interior, immediately fog up, since the absolute humidity on the surface then corresponds to more than 100% relative humidity. The air-conditioning device according to the invention and the air-conditioning method according to the invention use data supplied by already existing sensors and relating to the ambient weather, for example temperature data from an outside temperature sensor and moisture data from a dew-point sensor, in order to detect weather which is critical to this fogging.

Abstract: A vehicle heating and/or air conditioning system and a method for regulating heating and/or air conditioning in vehicles permit a user, in a fully automatic operating mode, to adapt a blower power and air distributor flaps in accordance with this individual sensation of a draft without resulting in the automatic operating mode being exited. For this purpose, the vehicle heating and/or air conditioning system has a setting device on which the user may make settings. The set value of this setting device is transmitted to an automatic heating and/or air conditioning device which selects adapted automatic characteristic curves corresponding to this set value and actuates the blower and the air distributor flaps in accordance with these adapted automatic characteristic curves.

Abstract: A method regulates a heating and/or air-conditioning system, with a control apparatus which activates the individual air-conditioning components according to control and regulating programs. The vehicle interior has individual air-conditioning zones which can be regulated individually in terms of their air-conditioning capacity by the general air-conditioning regulation. An air-conditioning deficit of each individual air-conditioning zone can be detected, and the general air-conditioning regulation of the heating and/or air-conditioning system can set this air-conditioning zone independently. One or more central or decentralized additional-heating and/or cooling elements are included.

Abstract: A refrigerant circuit for a motor vehicle air-conditioning system has a refrigerant compressor, a cooler connected downstream of the refrigerant compressor, a restrictor for expanding the refrigerant, and an evaporator for transferring heat to the refrigerant. Pressure in the refrigerant circuit is measured firstly on the high-pressure side and secondly on the low-pressure side. An air-conditioning system can be driven directly or indirectly by the motor vehicle driving engine. The refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit is almost completely liquefied upstream of the restrictor, so that it is easy to determine the refrigerant mass flow. As a result, it becomes possible to determine the compressor torque which is consumed by the refrigerant circuit and to control the motor vehicle driving engine accordingly.

Abstract: An air conditioning system for a motor vehicle includes an air conditioning box through which blower air can flow and in which an evaporator and, at a distance therefrom, a heat exchanger are arranged, and including an air distributor which has air outlet openings which may be controlled by air control elements, and a water outlet arranged between the evaporator and heat exchanger, and having a control arrangement for forcibly ejecting the blower air emerging at the evaporator via the water outlet into the vehicle environment. For the purpose of forcibly ejecting the loaded blower air in a cost-effective and construction-space-saving manner without losses in efficiency, the control arrangement may be formed in the air outlet openings by the air control elements which, during the ejection, are forcibly closed.

Abstract: A method for automatically controlling an air conditioning device includes determining vehicle interior and exterior temperatures, and supplying a mixture of fresh air and circulating air to the air conditioning device in a hot start when the interior temperature exceeds the exterior temperature. An air conditioning device for a motor vehicle includes a hot start mode and a normal mode. In the hot start mode when the vehicle interior temperature exceeds the vehicle exterior temperature, a mixture of fresh air and circulating air is supplied to the air conditioning device. The air conditioning device operates in the normal mode when the vehicle exterior temperature exceeds the vehicle interior temperature.

Abstract: An air conditioning system for a motor vehicle includes an air conditioning box through which blower air can flow and in which an evaporator and, at a distance therefrom, a heat exchanger are arranged, and including an air distributor which has air outlet openings which may be controlled by air control elements, and a water outlet arranged between the evaporator and heat exchanger, and having a control arrangement for forcibly ejecting the blower air emerging at the evaporator via the water outlet into the vehicle environment. For the purpose of forcibly ejecting the loaded blower air in a cost-effective and construction-space-saving manner without losses in efficiency, the control arrangement may be formed in the air outlet openings by the air control elements which, during the ejection, are forcibly closed.

Abstract: A method regulates a heating and/or air-conditioning system, with a control apparatus which activates the individual air-conditioning components according to control and regulating programs. The vehicle interior has individual air-conditioning zones which can be regulated individually in terms of their air-conditioning capacity by the general air-conditioning regulation. An air-conditioning deficit of each individual air-conditioning zone can be detected, and the general air-conditioning regulation of the heating and/or air-conditioning system can set this air-conditioning zone independently. One or more central or decentralized additional-heating and/or cooling elements are included.

Abstract: A refrigerant circuit for a motor vehicle air-conditioning system has a refrigerant compressor, a cooler connected downstream of the refrigerant compressor, a restrictor for expanding the refrigerant, and an evaporator for transferring heat to the refrigerant. Pressure in the refrigerant circuit is measured firstly on the high-pressure side and secondly on the low-pressure side. An air-conditioning system can be driven directly or indirectly by the motor vehicle driving engine. The refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit is almost completely liquefied upstream of the restrictor, so that it is easy to determine the refrigerant mass flow. As a result, it becomes possible to determine the compressor torque which is consumed by the refrigerant circuit and to control the motor vehicle driving engine accordingly.

Abstract: A method for automatically controlling an air conditioning device includes determining vehicle interior and exterior temperatures, and supplying a mixture of fresh air and circulating air to the air conditioning device in a hot start when the interior temperature exceeds the exterior temperature. An air conditioning device for a motor vehicle includes a hot start mode and a normal mode. In the hot start mode when the vehicle interior temperature exceeds the vehicle exterior temperature, a mixture of fresh air and circulating air is supplied to the air conditioning device. The air conditioning device operates in the normal mode when the vehicle exterior temperature exceeds the vehicle interior temperature.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for monitoring the refrigerant filling level of a refrigerating system, in particular a motor vehicle air-conditioning system, with a compressor subdividing the refrigerant circuit into a high-pressure side and a low-pressure side. The evaporator temperature is determined at the evaporator at short time intervals by means of an evaporator temperature sensor. According to the invention, there is provision for a time meter, t, to be activated when the evaporator temperature exceeds a predetermined threshold temperature.

Abstract: A method for operating a motor vehicle air conditioner includes starting a compressor, and lubricating the compressor with a circulating lubricant for at least a specified minimum lubricating time.

Abstract: A method for controlling the evaporator temperature of an air conditioner as a function of the outside dew point, in which the dew point temperature of the intake air drawn in by the air conditioner to air-condition an interior and the blown air temperature setpoint that is associated with one or more variably presettable interior temperature setpoints is determined for the intake air to be blown out into the interior. At the beginning of each cooling cycle, a determination is made as to whether the evaporator is wet or dry. The evaporator temperature is then adjusted to a setpoint that is at most approximately as high as the dew point temperature and otherwise is approximately as high as the blown air temperature setpoint. This is for cases within presettable limits, with a wet evaporator and a blown air temperature setpoint that is above the intake air dew point temperature.

Abstract: An air-conditioning unit is provided for a vehicle with an air-conditioning function depending on the outside dew point. The air-conditioning unit includes a device for determining the dew point temperature of the outside air, an air duct leading to a window of the vehicle and having a controllable closing device, a device for determining the temperature of the air blown through the ducts leading to the window of the vehicle and a control device for automatically opening and closing the air duct leading to a window of the vehicle by appropriately energizing the air duct closing device. The control device, in the cooling operation of the air conditioning unit, opens and closes this air duct automatically as a function of the dew point temperature determined for the outside air and as a function of the temperature determined for the air blown out through this air duct.

Abstract: A sun sensing arrangement for a motor vehicle, and a method of arranging a sun sensor in a motor vehicle, in order to sense incident sunlight. The motor vehicle has an engine hood which includes a top-side air inlet grid area. The sun sensor is arranged inside the air inlet grid area of the engine hood. This positioning permits sunlight to be sensed in a large solid-angle range which is not influenced by the vehicle windows or objects mounted on the roof of the vehicle, and the styling of the vehicle body shell is not noticeably influenced.

Abstract: A method for operating a heating or air conditioning system, especially for motor vehicles is provided, in which a temperature control fluid is drawn in via a discharge blower whose discharge power can be regulated, and is blown out after processing through at least one exhaust duct, whose outlet cross section can be regulated via a corresponding controllable control element. Each control element for outlet cross section regulation is automatically adjusted to assume a position that depends upon the outlet temperature of the temperature control fluid. The discharge blower power is adjusted according to a curve as a function of this outlet temperature.

Abstract: A device for driving a positioning element via a stepping motor is described. This device makes it possible to continue operating the stepping motor in conjunction with its use as an encoder during phases without electrical control, so that the position last reached under electrical control, with a zero-current change in the position, possibly as a result of manual operation of the positioning element that is rotationally or frictionally coupled with the motor rotor, is constantly updated so that the control electronics is informed at all times of the actual position from which the stepping motor is to be controlled electrically to assume a new position. The device not only permits eliminating indexing devices that are subject to wear, but also allows automatic return, for example of a positioning element to its previous starting position after it has been shifted or adjusted from by an outside influence.