Abstract: An electrochromic (EC) cell having improved dielectric tunability and lower dielectric losses is disclosed. A multi-layer structure includes at least one electrochromic layer of a transition metal oxide between electrode layers. Two electrolyte layers are located on either side of the at least one electrochromic layer and next to the electrode layers. An ion storage film layer of a transition metal oxide may be provided between the electrochromic layer and one of the electrolyte layers. This structure prevents the shortening of the channel height when a voltage is applied therefore reducing dielectric losses.

Abstract: A technique is provided for determining information about efficiency of an inductive charging system having a primary coil embedded in a road infrastructure and a secondary coil located in a vehicle moving on the road infrastructure. A first inductive coupling efficiency component attributed to the road infrastructure is determined from a total efficiency depending on a second inductive coupling efficiency component attributed to a position of the secondary coil relative to the primary coil and of a third inductive coupling efficiency component attributed to an electric circuit comprising the secondary coil.

Abstract: An exemplary method and apparatus are provided for operating a power grid that has decentralized control elements. The decentralized control elements are adapted to interact with each other, in particular by communication. At least a part of the power grid, a control element or the interaction between control elements, in particular the communication between control elements, is monitored. When a problem in at least a part of the power grid, the control element or the interaction between control elements, in particular a communication breakdown, is detected, a control element affected by the problem is triggered to work autonomously.

Abstract: The invention concerns a device (100) comprising a receiver (101) adapted to receive information about a first part (110a) of a power grid (110) at a first hierarchic level of the power grid (110) and information about a second part (110b) of the power grid (110) at a second hierarchic level of the power grid (110), a processor (102), adapted to determine a first set point for controlling the first part (110a) of the power grid (110) and a second set point for controlling the second part (110b) of the power grid (110) depending on the received information, and a sender (103) adapted to send information about the set points. The invention concerns a respective method as well.

Abstract: The present invention defines and makes use of a conception of individual, preferably unique addresses of individual electrical devices (20) connected to particular connection devices of a network grid, such as sockets (20).

Abstract: A technique for discharging an energy storage of a vehicle having a predetermined discharge limit threshold comprises performing a lookup in a database to determine whether a predetermined condition is met. The predetermined condition comprises a specific vehicle identification number being listed in the database. Next, initiating the discharging of the energy storage below a predetermined discharge limit threshold depending on a result of the lookup in the database.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for transmission of a data signal from a transmitting device (BS) to a receiving device (RAH1) using a LINC amplifier (LINC1, LINC2) for signal amplification, wherein the data signal is represented by two phase modulated signal components of constant amplitude in a first part of the LINC amplifier (LINC1, LINC2) located in the transmitting device (BS), at least one of the two phase modulated signal components of constant amplitude is transmitted over at least one optical connection (OF1, 0F2, 0F4) from the transmitting device (BS) to the receiving device (RAH1), and the at least one of the two phase modulated signal components of constant amplitude is converted from an optical signal into an electrical signal in at least one opto-electrical converter (OE1, 0E2) located in said receiving device (RAH1), a LINC amplifier, a transmitting device, a receiving device, and a communication network therefor.

Abstract: A system and method for device identification includes a receiver adapted to detect an electromagnetic radiation interference signal emitted by a device and a microprocessor operatively connected to the receiver. The microprocessor may identify at least one device characteristic parameter of the electromagnetic radiation signal. The system includes memory for storing at least one constant or predicted future characteristic value associated with the device and the microprocessor may compare the detected characteristic parameter to the at least one constant or predicted future characteristic value to identify and recognize the device that emitted the electromagnetic radiation signal.

Abstract: An exemplary method and apparatus are provided for operating a power grid, wherein devices that form part of the power grid are represented as virtual resources, comprising receiving a request to access at least one virtual resource, and providing access to a device of the power grid that embodies the requested at least one virtual resource.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for determining information about efficiency of an inductive charging system having a primary coil (101, 112), in particular embedded in a road infrastructure (100), wherein a first inductive coupling efficiency component attributed to said road infrastructure is determined from a total efficiency depending on a second inductive coupling efficiency component attributed to a position of a secondary coil (102) relative to said primary coil (101, 112) and of a third inductive coupling efficiency component attributed to an electric circuit comprising said secondary coil (102).

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for discharging an energy storage of a vehicle, in particular an electrical battery of an electric vehicle, having a predetermined discharge limit threshold, in particular below a maximum capacity of said energy storage, wherein said method comprises the steps of performing a test (402) to determine whether a predetermined condition is met, and initiating (404, 405?) the discharging of said energy storage below said predetermined discharge limit threshold depending on the result of said test.

Abstract: An exemplary method and apparatus are provided for operating a power grid that has decentralized control elements. The decentralized control elements are adapted to interact with each other, in particular by communication. At least a part of the power grid, a control element or the interaction between control elements, in particular the communication between control elements, is monitored. When a problem in at least a part of the power grid, the control element or the interaction between control elements, in particular a communication breakdown, is detected, a control element affected by the problem is triggered to work autonomously.

Abstract: Radio controlled cartridge ammunition (20; 30) for a weapon (26), wherein the ammunition comprises control circuitry (21) adapted to enable and/or disable a mechanism for the ignition of the propellant charge (32) of the ammunition (20; 30) in response to a wireless radio control signal. Thereby the control circuitry (21) extracts, from the wireless radio control signal received at the ammunition's geographical location, information indicative of said geographical location, and compares the extracted information with information indicative of a geographical area where the ammunition (20; 30) is allowed to be fired off the weapon (26). Hence, the ignition mechanism is controlled based on the result of the comparison.

Abstract: A system and method for device identification includes a receiver adapted to detect an electromagnetic radiation interference signal emitted by a device and a microprocessor operatively connected to the receiver. The microprocessor may identify at least one device characteristic parameter of the electromagnetic radiation signal. The system includes memory for storing at least one constant or predicted future characteristic value associated with the device and the microprocessor may compare the detected characteristic parameter to the at least one constant or predicted future characteristic value to identify and recognize the device that emitted the electromagnetic radiation signal.

Abstract: The invention describes a radio frequency (=RF) power amplifier (20), comprising—a coupling array (1) comprising a plurality of nano-sized coupling elements (2; 41; 51), wherein the coupling elements (2; 41; 51) are grouped into a number N of sub-arrays (SA-1 . . . SAN), with each sub-array (SA-1 . . . SAN) exhibiting•a specific resonance frequency (f1 . . . fN) and•a specific attenuation of a mechanical self-oscillation of its coupling elements (2; 41; 51), wherein for the coupling elements (2; 41; 51) of each sub array (SA-1 . . . SAN), there is a stimulating means for stimulating a mechanical self-oscillation, —and a signal processing unit (22) for controlling the stimulating means with stimulating pulses having a pulse form and timing calculated by the signal processing unit (22) based on an evaluation of the spectral components of an RF signal to be amplified, namely the amplitudes (C1. . . CN) and phases (?1. . . ?N) at the frequencies (f1 . . . fN) corresponding to said specific resonance frequencies.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for transmission of data signals from a transmitting device (BS) to a receiving device (RAH1) using an envelope elimination and restoration amplifier (EER1, EER2) for signal amplification, wherein the data signals are represented by envelope signal components and phase signal components in a first part of the envelope elimination and restoration amplifier (EER1, EER2) located in the transmitting device (BS), the envelope signal components or phase signal components are transmitted over at least one optical connection (OF1, OF2) from the transmitting device (BS) to the receiving device (RAH1), and the envelope signal components or phase signal components are converted from optical signals into electrical signals in said receiving device (RAH1), an envelope elimination and restoration amplifier, a transmitting device, a receiving device, and a communication network therefor.

Abstract: The present application relates to a user/vehicle-identification (ID) by which access rights privileges and or user settings can be associated to a specific user assigned to a specific vehicle (e.g. driver). In particular, the application relates to using a user/vehicle-ID stored in a car key remote control for associating access rights privileges and or user settings which have a relation to the vehicle, identified by the vehicle ID, to the user of the car key remote control. A system for authentication of a user of a vehicle (1400) is described. The system comprises an identification (ID) device (100) adapted to store an user/vehicle ID string, wherein the user/vehicle ID string identifies the user of the vehicle and the associated vehicle (1400); and an authentication device (1200) adapted to receive the user/vehicle ID string from the ID device (100), and to associate access rights, privileges and or user settings to the user of the ID device (100), when the user/vehicle ID has been verified.

Abstract: Photonic power switch and method of controlling current flow in the photonic power switch, the photonic power switch comprising an avalanche photo diode installed on a switch element, the switch element comprising a carrier donor layer and a channel layer. Photons are injected in the avalanche photo diode for generating electrical charge carriers by photoeffect, and the generated charge carriers are accelerated the by an electric field so as to produce an avalanche effect and are injected from the avalanche photo diode into the carrier donor layer of the switch element. A conduction layer built between the donor layer and the channel layer of the switch element is modulated, thereby modulating a current flow between a drain and a source of the power switch through said conduction layer.

Abstract: The invention describes a radio frequency (=RF) power amplifier (20), comprising—a coupling array (1) comprising a plurality of nano-sized coupling elements (2; 41; 51), wherein the coupling elements (2; 41; 51) are grouped into a number N of sub-arrays (SA-1 . . . SAN), with each sub-array (SA-1 . . . SAN) exhibiting•a specific resonance frequency (f1 . . . fN) and•a specific attenuation of a mechanical self-oscillation of its coupling elements (2; 41; 51), wherein for the coupling elements (2; 41; 51) of each sub array (SA-1 . . . SAN), there is a stimulating means for stimulating a mechanical self-oscillation, —and a signal processing unit (22) for controlling the stimulating means with stimulating pulses having a pulse form and timing calculated by the signal processing unit (22) based on an evaluation of the spectral components of an RF signal to be amplified, namely the amplitudes (C1. . . CN) and phases (?1. . . ?N) at the frequencies (f1 . . . fN) corresponding to said specific resonance frequencies.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for transmission of a data signal from a transmitting device (BS) to a receiving device (RAH1) using a LINC amplifier (LINC1, LINC2) for signal amplification, wherein the data signal is represented by two phase modulated signal components of constant amplitude in a first part of the LINC amplifier (LINC1, LINC2) located in the transmitting device (BS), at least one of the two phase modulated signal components of constant amplitude is transmitted over at least one optical connection (OF1, 0F2, 0F4) from the transmitting device (BS) to the receiving device (RAH1), and the at least one of the two phase modulated signal components of constant amplitude is converted from an optical signal into an electrical signal in at least one opto-electrical converter (OE1, 0E2) located in said receiving device (RAH1), a LINC amplifier, a transmitting device, a receiving device, and a communication network therefor.