Abstract: An indicating device is disclosed for showing the level of a fluid in a container. A transparent rod having a sensing end is immersed in the fluid when the container is filled above a predetermined level. The sensing end is shaped to cause a substantially total reflection of a beam of light projected in the rod from an opposite end of the rod when the sensing end is not in contact with the flowable substance. A light source and photoelectric detector are arranged at the opposite end of the rod and a circuit is connected to the photoelectric detector for detecting when a predetermined amount of reflection occurs and also for preventing response of the device to slopping of the fluid to and fro in the container.

Abstract: In a copying apparatus or printing apparatus, charge images of characters to be printed are produced on a band-shaped intermediate carrier having a photoelectric layer, for example. The characters are developed with toner and are subsequently transferred to a recording carrier, for example, paper. A high percentage of the toner, situated on the intermediate carrier, is thereby to be transferred to the recording carrier. Mechanical apparatus is provided by which the intermediate carrier having the side provided with toner is brought into contact with the recording carrier during the transfer process. The intermediate carrier consists of a material of such elasticity that the area, provided therefor, can come temporarily to a stop during the transfer process. The mechanical apparatus can comprise a stationary strip which is arranged on the one side of the intermediate carrier and a movable bar arranged on the other side of the intermediate carrier.