Abstract: The present invention concerns a method of mixing aqueous solutions, an apparatus for carrying out said method and the use of dosing devices with integrated dosing monitoring and stroke length control in an installation for mixing container aqueous solutions.

Abstract: In order to provide a method with which the costs incurred in conventional methods for producing chlorine dioxide according to the chlorite-acid method can be significantly lowered, a method is proposed according to the invention, in which an acid, a chlorite and optionally water are introduced into a reactor, wherein in the method the reaction temperature in the reactor is determined and the quantity of acid, chlorite and/or water which is/are introduced into the reactor is chosen such that the acid introduced into the reactor is introduced into the reactor with a molar excess relative to the chlorite introduced into the reactor, wherein the level of the molar excess is varied with the level of the reaction temperature determined. In addition, the present invention relates to a device which is suitable for implementing the method according to the invention.

Abstract: In a system having an electronic controller for internal combustion engines, particularly injection engines in which the controller is functionally connected to a plurality of sensors and at least one actuator, the controller is part of an assembly which furthermore comprises a throttle-valve arrangement, an air-mass sensor and a throttle-valve position sensor. In systems with central injection, the injection valve can also be arranged within the assembly. By the compact structural unit thus obtained, cable connections are reduced to a minimum, so that, in their turn, reliability is increased and expense is saved. Furthermore, the arrangement facilitates maintenance and repair.

Abstract: In an apparatus for measuring the velocity of flow of fluids, and particularly of the intake air of internal combustion engines, having an electrically heatable resistance layer which is applied in insulated manner on a support and is in thermal contact with the flowing fluid, the support is developed in rectangular shape with a flat central part bearing the resistance layer and is provided with reinforcement strips integral with it on at least three sides. Furthermore, the central part is provided at its edges with slits which adjoin the reinforcement strips. The apparatus of the invention can be produced preferably from silicon by etching and can be developed to receive further resistors and other electronic elements.

Abstract: In order to recognize the occurrence of reverse flow in a rapidly pulsation stream of fluid flowing with constant mass flow in particular within the intake duct (10) of an internal combustion engine, there is proposed a device for determining the direction of flow having a turbulence-sensitive sensor element (12) which is arranged between a flow straightener (32) and an eddy element (16), the sensor element (12) being exposed to laminar or else to turbulent flow depending on the direction of flow.

Abstract: In an apparatus for measuring the velocity of flow of fluids, and particularly of the intake air of internal combustion engines, having an electrically heatable resistance layer which is applied in insulated manner on a support and is in thermal contact with the flowing fluid, the support is developed in rectangular shape with a flat central part bearing the resistance layer and is provided with reinforcement strips integral with it on at least three sides. Futhermore, the central part is provided at its edges with slits which adjoin the reinforcement strips. The apparatus of the invention can be produced preferably from silicon by etching and can be developed to receive futher resistors and other electronic elements.

Abstract: In a measurement probe for measuring the mass of a flowing fluid, particularly the intake air of an internal-combustion engine, having at least one temperature-dependent first resistor which is arranged in the flow of the fluid and is part of a bridge circuit and the temperature and/or resistance of which is controlled as a function of the flowing mass, the actuating variable being a measure of the mass of the flowing fluid, a second resistor which is connected in parallel to the bridge circuit is arranged in the fluid downstream of the first resistor. In this way, the probe is directionally sensitive. Erroneous measurements by reverse flow are avoided. Furthermore, a third resistor, which is also part of the bridge circuit and is connected in series with the first resistor, can be arranged upstream in front of the first resistor directly in the fluid. This contributes to reducing the response time.

Abstract: In an apparatus for measuring the velocity of flow of fluids, and particularly the intake air of internal combustion engines, with an electrically heatable resistance layer which is applied in insulated manner onto a support, and is in thermal contact with the flowing fluid, a layer of low thermal conductivity is furthermore applied in such a manner that the local heat transfer coefficient between the flowing fluid and the resistance layer is at least approximately constant in the direction of flow. In this connection, the thickness of the layer can decrease continuously or stepwise in the direction of flow. A reduction in the response time is obtained. Glass or polytetrafluorethylene, among other substances, enter into consideration as material for the layer.

Abstract: In order to determine the correct mass flow of a rapidly pulsating stream of fluid, in particular in the intake duct 10 of an internal combustion engine, a device for determining the mass flow and the direction of flow is proposed which has a temperature sensor 17, a thermoelectric mass-flow sensor 16 and two temperature-measuring elements 12, 14 arranged adjacent said mass flow sensor. One temperature-measuring element 12 or 14 is located in the feed stream and the other temperature-measuring element 14 or 12 in the discharge stream of the thermal mass-flow sensor 16, depending on the direction of flow.

Abstract: In order to determine the correct mass flow of a rapidly pulsating stream of fluid, in particular in the intake duct 10 of an internal combustion engine, a device for determining the mass flow and the direction of flow is proposed which has a temperature sensor 17, a thermoelectric mass-flow sensor 16 and two temperature-measuring elements 12, 14 arranged adjacent said mass flow sensor. One temperature-measuring element 12 or 14 is located in the feed stream and the other temperature-measuring element 14 or 12 in the discharge stream of the thermal mass-flow sensor 16, depending on the direction of flow.

Abstract: In an arrangement for measuring the velocity of flow of fluids, and, in particular, of the intake air of internal combustion engines, having an electrically heatable resistance layer which is applied in insulated manner on a support and is in thermal contact with the flowing fluid, the support consists of silicon. Between the support and the resistance layer an electrically insulating layer is applied. The resistance layer consists preferably of suitably doped polycrystalline silicon.

Abstract: In an arrangement having an air-mass meter for an internal combustion engine, a measurement tube passes through a division wall which separates the interior of an air filter from a pulsation-damping space. In this way, a compact structural shape is obtained which takes into account the conditions of flow of the intake port of an internal combustion engine, particularly of an automotive vehicle. The structure is economical to manufacture, and operates dependably.

Abstract: In an arrangement having an air-mass meter for an internal combustion engine, the measurement place of the air-mass meter is arranged within a flow channel which has at least one curved section and one straight section and connects the interior of an air filter with a hollow space connected to the intake opening of the internal combustion engine; the measurement place is arranged in the straight portion of the flow channel. The arrangement of the invention permits a compact construction and, due to its long flow channel, a high degree of precision of the measurement of the mass of air.

Abstract: In an arrangement having an air-mass meter for an internal combustion engine, the measurement place of the air-mass meter is arranged within a flow channel which substantially circularly surrounds a hollow space connected with an intake opening of the internal combustion engine, said hollow space adjoining the interior of an air filter. The hollow space and the interior are separated from each other by a division wall. The arrangement of the invention permits a compact structural shape and, due to its long flow channel, a high degree of precision of the measurement of the mass of air.

Abstract: In a system having an electronic controller for internal combustion engines, particularly injection engines in which the controller is functionally connected to a plurality of sensors and at least one actuator, the controller is part of an assembly which furthermore comprises a throttle-valve arrangement, an air-mass sensor and a throttle-valve position sensor. In systems with central injection, the injection valve can also be arranged within the assembly. By the compact structural unit thus obtained, cable connections are reduced to a minimum, so that, in their turn, reliability is increased and expense is saved. Furthermore, the arrangement facilitates maintenance and repair.