Abstract: Cadmium-free hard solders having working temperatures of less than 630° C., which are easily workable and yield ductile soldered joints, are composed of 30 to 60% by weight of silver, 10 to 36% by weight of copper, 15 to 32% by weight of zinc, 0.5 to 7% by weight of gallium, 0.5 to 7% by weight of tin and 0 to 5% by weight of indium.

Abstract: Sintered silver-iron material for electrical contacts, with properties comparable with those of silver-nickel materials, is obtained by using iron powder having more than 0.25% carbon by weight and microhardness higher than 200 HV 0.025 and sintering in a hydrogen-free protective gas.

Abstract: Silver-iron materials for electrical switching contacts with properties which come very close to those of silver-nickel materials formed of 0.5 to 4.5% by weight iron and 0.05 to 2% by weight of one or more of the oxides magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, yttrium oxide, lanthanum oxide, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, hafnium oxide, cerium oxide, niobium oxide, tantalum oxide, chromium oxide, manganese oxide, iron oxide, zinc oxide, aluminum oxide, indium oxide, silicon oxide, and tin oxide, the balance being silver.

Abstract: Silver-iron materials for electrical switching contacts with properties which come very close to those of silver-nickel materials formed of 4.6 to 15% by weight iron and 0.05 to 5% by weight of one or more of the oxides magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, yttrium oxide, lanthanum oxide, cerium oxide, chromium oxide, iron oxide, aluminum oxide, indium oxide, silicon oxide, and tin oxide, the balance being silver.

Abstract: An electrical contact material for switching rated currents between 20 and 100 Ampere having improved operational life made of 3.2 to 19.9 wt-% tin oxide and 0.05 to 0.4 wt-%, in each case, of indium oxide and bismuth oxide, the remainder being silver. In the course of the manufacture of the material by powder metallurgy more than 60 wt-% of the tin oxide should exhibit a particle size of more than 1 .mu.m.

Abstract: Silver-iron materials for electrical switching contacts with properties which come very close to those of silver-nickel materials formed of 0.5 to 20% by weight iron 0.5 to 5% by one or more of the elements rhenium, iridium, and ruthenium, and 0.05 to 2% by weight of one or more of the oxides magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, yttrium oxide, lanthanum oxide, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, hafnium oxide, cerium oxide, niobium oxide, tantalum oxide, chromium oxide, manganese oxide, iron oxide, zinc oxide, copper oxide, aluminum oxide, indium oxide, silicon oxide, and tin oxide, the balance being silver.

Abstract: Cadmium-free brazing solders with working temperatures under 630.degree. C. containing 45 to 80 wt. % silver, 14 to 25 wt. % copper 10 to 25 wt. % gallium, 1 to 7 wt. % zinc and 0 to 5 wt. % indium and/or tin. The alloys have good cold workability and ductility.

Abstract: When hard-substance parts are soldered onto steel bases, thermal stresses are produced between the hard substance and the steel. These stresses can be reduced by means of using a multilayer solder in which the middle layer consists of a precipitation-hardenable copper alloy or nickel alloy provided on both sides with a layer of a hard-solder alloy whose working temperature is at least 50.degree. C. below the melting point of the precipitation-hardenable copper alloy or nickel alloy. A tempering treatment at 250.degree. to 550.degree. C. is carried out after the soldering in order to achieve a precipitation hardening of the middle layer.

Abstract: Cadmium-free brazing solders with working temperatures under 630.degree. C. containing 45 to 80 wt. % silver, 5 to 13 wt. % copper, 10 to 25 wt. % gallium, 8 to 20 wt. % zinc, and 0 to 5 wt. % indium and/or tin.

Abstract: Solders for directly soldering together ceramic parts consisting essentially of 70 to 99% silver, 0.5 to 15% by weight indium or 0.5 to 10% by weight tin and 0.5 to 15% by weight titanium or zirconium, or mixtures thereof. These solders are very ductile, are workable at comparatively low temperatures and provide very firm bonding.

Abstract: Electrical contacts are formed from a silver-iron material which contains 3 to 30% by weight of iron and one or more of the components manganese, copper, zinc, antimony, bismuth oxide, molybdenum oxide, tungsten oxide or chromium nitride in amount totalling 0.05 to 5 weight percent, the balance being silver. These materials are suitable for forming electrical contacts of a wide variety. Tantalum is an optional component which may also be utilized particularly when 0.2 percent to 2 percent zinc is present.

Abstract: Soft-solder alloys for connecting ceramic parts without permetallization comprising 86 to 99% lead or tin, 0 to 13% silver and/or copper, 0 to 10% indium and 1 to 10% titanium and/or zirconium.

Abstract: To coat metallic or ceramic surfaces with hard substances by means of brazing, a powder mixture of 60 to 90% silver, 2 to 35% copper, 2 to 30% tin and/or indium and 2 to 20% titanium, zirconium, hafnium, chromium, vanadium, tantalum, niobium, titanium hydride, zirconium hydride and/or hafnium hydride together with an organic binder and then the hard-substance powder are deposited on the surface and heated to 900.degree. to 1200.degree. C. The particle sizes of the metallic powders must be less than the particle size of the hard-substance powder.