Abstract: An automated, real-time control of a waste incineration plant is disclosed for treating waste of variable moisture content. In an exemplary method of and a system for controlling a waste combustion process, time varying process parameters of the waste combustion process, such as a water content of the incoming waste, are estimated via a parameter estimation algorithm for time varying parameters based on Kalman Filters. The estimated process parameters can then used to determine, in a controller for real-time control of the waste incineration plant, control parameters, such as a waste feed rate, corresponding to input variables of a model of the waste combustion process.

Abstract: An on-line degradation monitoring is disclosed for boiler tubes in large combustion facilities, in particular waste incineration plants. The degradation of the tubes, for example corrosion or caking, is determined in a more or less continuous manner while the combustion facility is operating, and thus not restricted to optical inspection during downtimes. A rate or accumulated degradation can be related to an operation mode of the facility. Appropriate degradation sensors are arranged outside of a the flue gas tract where the boiler tubes are exposed to noxious flue gases from the combustion process, and receive ultrasonic signals from a space or volume within the flue gas tract. A test tube is provided exclusively for the monitoring of the degradation progress and introduced into the flue gas tract at a particularly corrosion-exposed location.

Abstract: In a method of minimizing thermoacoustic vibrations in gas-turbine combustion chambers, a modulated spraying of liquid or gaseous premix fuel into a premix burner is carried out. The premix fuel is fed by means of two fuel lines (13, 14), and the modulation of the quantity of fed fuel is effected in each case by one fuel valve per fuel line.

Abstract: In a gas turbine having a combustion chamber (6) and a first row of guide vanes (3) arranged on the outflow side of the combustion chamber (6), a plurality of temperature sensors (8) for measuring temperature value, and a plurality of means (7;71,72,73,74,75,76) for introducing fuel into the combustion chamber (6), which means can be controlled on the basis of the temperature values, the temperature sensors (8) are spectrometers, are designed to measure a combustion-gas temperature and are arranged so as to measure a gas temperature which prevails immediately in front of the first row of guide vanes (3).

Abstract: A device and method for atomizing a liquid medium, including an electrically conductive nozzle body with an internal volume for holding the liquid medium, at least one nozzle opening as well as a high-voltage electrode arranged inside the internal volume coaxially to a longitudinal axis of the nozzle body. The high-voltage electrode is provided in the area of its greatest lateral expansion with a circumferential, sharp edge that extends at a small distance to the nozzle body in order to be able to bring about the electrostatic charging of the passing liquid medium. This construction enables the electrostatic atomization in a simple manner even for multi-hole nozzles, so that the electrostatic atomization also can be used in the field of gas turbine technology for improving the injection in the start-up and partial load range.

Abstract: Described are a method of and an appliance for suppressing flow eddies within a turbomachine, having a burner in which a fuel/air mixture is caused to ignite and in which hot gases are formed which leave the burner at the burner outlet and discharge into a combustion chamber, which follows the burner in the flow direction of the hot gases. The invention is characterized in that a mass flow is mixed into the hot gases directly at the location of the burner outlet.

Abstract: An apparatus for damping acoustic vibrations in a combustor as well as a corresponding combustor arrangement with the apparatus. The apparatus includes a Helmholtz resonator (4) that can be connected via a connecting channel (2) with a combustor (1). The Helmholtz resonator (4) contains a hollow body (6) the volume of which can be changed by adding or draining a fluid via a supply line (5), or is located adjacent to such a hollow body in such a way that the resonance volume (3) of the Helmholtz resonator (4) is changed when the volume of the hollow body (6) is changed. This apparatus makes it possible to adjust the resonance frequency of a Helmholtz resonator arranged inside a pressure container in accordance with the respective current operating point of the combustor to be damped, without having to pass movable components through the pressure container.

Abstract: A premix burner arrangement with catalytic combustion provides a fuel/air mixture to a combustion chamber of a gas turbine arrangement. The premix burner arrangement includes a premix burner, at least one fuel addition unit, and air inlet openings arranged in such a way that at least one of gaseous and liquid fuel can be mixed with combustion inlet air inside the premix burner to form a fuel/air mixture. The fuel/air mixture exits from the premix burner downstream in the direction towards a combustion chamber positioned after the premix burner arrangement and can be ignited inside the combustion chamber. A catalyzer unit is provided before the entrance of the fuel/air mixture into the combustion chamber. Part of the fuel/air mixture can be introduced into and passed through the catalyzer unit before the catalyzed part of the fuel/air mixture flows together with the remaining portion of the fuel/air mixture into the combustion chamber.

Abstract: The subject of the invention is a method as well as an apparatus for suppressing flow vortices within a turbo power machine with a premix burner, into which fuel and air are introduced for mixing, which then leave the burner downstream along its burner axis in the form of a fuel/air mixture through a burner outlet and flow into a combustor located downstream from the burner in the flow direction of the fuel/air mixture.

Abstract: A combustion chamber according to the invention has a number b0 of annularly arranged burners, of which a number k of modulatable burners have means for modulating a fuel mass flow, k being k<b0, and the modulatable burners being arranged in such a way that between every pair of adjacent modulatable burners are arranged in each case a1, a2, . . . ak nonmodulatable burners, and that the values a1+1, a2+1, . . . , ak+1 are not integral divisors of b0. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a highest value of LCM(b0, a1+1), LCM(b0, a2+1), . . . LCM(b0, ak+1) is maximum, LCM designating the lowest common multiple. It thereby becomes possible to damp a maximum number of azimuthal vibration modes of the combustion chamber by means of a minimum number of modulatable burners. Each pair of modulatable burners gives rise to at least one undesirable vibration or instability which, however, is damped by the other modulatable burner or burners arranged according to the invention.

Abstract: In a gas turbine having a combustion chamber (6) and a first row of guide vanes (3) arranged on the outflow side of the combustion chamber (6), a plurality of temperature sensors (8) for measuring temperature values, and a plurality of means (7;71,72,73,74,75,76) for introducing fuel into the combustion chamber (6), which means can be controlled on the basis of the temperature values, the temperature sensors (8) are spectrometers, are designed to measure a combustion-gas temperature and are arranged so as to measure a gas temperature which prevails immediately in front of the first row of guide vanes (3).

Abstract: A combustion chamber according to the invention has a number b0 of annularly arranged burners, of which a number k of modulatable burners have means for modulating a fuel mass flow, k being k<b0, and the modulatable burners being arranged in such a way that between every pair of adjacent modulatable burners are arranged in each case a1, a2, . . . ak nonmodulatable burners, and that the values a1+1, a2+1, . . . , ak+1 are not integral divisors of b0.

Abstract: In a method of controlling thermoacoustic vibrations in a combustion system having a combustion chamber and a burner, the fluid shear layer forming in the region of the burner is acoustically excited. An apparatus for controlling thermoacoustic vibrations in a combustion system having a combustion chamber and a burner is distinguished by the fact that device(s) for the acoustic excitation of the working gas are arranged in the region of the burner.

Abstract: In a method of suppressing or controlling thermoacoustic vibrations which develop in a combustion system having a burner working in a combustion chamber due to the formation of coherent or vortex structures and a periodic heat release associated therewith, in which method the vibrations are detected in a closed control loop and acoustic vibrations of a certain amplitude and phase are generated as a function of the detected vibrations and induced in the combustion system, improved suppression is achieved in that, within the control loop, the amplitude of the generated acoustic vibrations is selected to be proportional to the amplitude of the detected vibrations.

Abstract: In a method for minimizing thermoacoustic oscillations in gas turbine combustion chambers, an inert gas (N2, CO2, H2O) is additionally mixed with the stream of fuel.

Abstract: Described is a premix burner arrangement with catalytic combustion for operating a combustion chamber of a gas turbine arrangement, as well as a method to this effect, having a premix burner, wherein at least one fuel addition unit as well as inlet air openings have been provided in such a way that gaseous and/or liquid fuel can be mixed with combustion inlet air inside the premix burner and form a fuel/air mixture, which exits from the premix burner downstream in the direction towards the combustion chamber positioned after the premix burner arrangement and which can be ignited inside the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A device and method for atomizing a liquid medium, including an electrically conductive nozzle body with an internal volume for holding the liquid medium, at least one nozzle opening as well as a high-voltage electrode arranged inside the internal volume coaxially to a longitudinal axis of the nozzle body. The high-voltage electrode is provided in the area of its greatest lateral expansion with a circumferential, sharp edge that extends at a small distance to the nozzle body in order to be able to bring about the electrostatic charging of the passing liquid medium. This construction enables the electrostatic atomization in a simple manner even for multi-hole nozzles, so that the electrostatic atomization also can be used in the field of gas turbine technology for improving the injection in the start-up and partial load range.

Abstract: Described is a method for reducing thermoacoustic vibrations in turbo machines with a burner system which provides at least one burner, into which burner is injected fuel through at least one burner nozzle, said fuel being mixed with the combustion supply air flowing into the burner and forming a fuel/air mixture that is ignited in a combustor following the burner system.

Abstract: The subject of the invention is a method as well as an apparatus for suppressing flow vortices within a turbo power machine with a premix burner, into which fuel and air are introduced for mixing, which then leave the burner downstream along its burner axis in the form of a fuel/air mixture through a burner outlet and flow into a combustor located downstream from the burner in the flow direction of the fuel/air mixture.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for damping acoustic vibrations in a combustor as well as a corresponding combustor arrangement with the apparatus. The apparatus comprises a Helmholtz resonator (4) that can be connected via a connecting channel (2) with a combustor (1). The Helmholtz resonator (4) contains a hollow body (6) the volume of which can be changed by adding or draining a fluid via a supply line (5), or is located adjacent to such a hollow body in such a way that the resonance volume (3) of the Helmholtz resonator (4) is changed when the volume of the hollow body (6) is changed. This apparatus makes it possible to adjust the resonance frequency of a Helmholtz resonator arranged inside a pressure container in accordance with the respective current operating point of the combustor to be damped, without having to pass movable components through the pressure container.