Abstract: A method for producing a porous ceramic surface layer on a substrate includes providing a mixture including at least one polymer and at least one ceramic material and applying the mixture to the substrate.

Abstract: An yttrium-stabilized zirconium oxide in predominantly tetragonal form is of the composition ZrO2 92.1%-93.5%, Y2O3 4.5%-5.5%, HfO2 1.8%-2.2%, and impurities at most 0.2%, for the production of a sintered semi-finished article as a starting material for manufacture of a prosthesis.

Abstract: An yttrium-stabilized zirconium oxide in predominantly tetragonal form is of the composition ZrO2 92.1%-93.5%, Y2O3 4.5%-5.5%, HfO2 1.8%-2.2%, and impurities at most 0.2%, for the production of a sintered semi-finished article as a starting material for manufacture of a prosthesis.

Abstract: A process for the production of a ceramic prosthesis by forming a blank from a mixture of zirconium oxide and hafnium oxide of between 94.8% and 95.3% by weight, yttrium oxide of between 4% and 5.2% by weight, and any further oxide as a balance of less than 1% by weight, with a monoclinic proportion of below 5% by volume. The blank is put into the shape of the required prosthesis by means of a rotating tool of metallically bound diamond grains, using specific operating parameters for the tool.

Abstract: The tensile loading of a ceramic-metal joint, made by shrink-fit locking a cylindrical ceramic component into a flange of ferrous material in the axial direction of the ceramic component can be improved by undersizing the diameter D of the bore of the flange by 13-27 .mu.m making it, at room temperature, this much smaller than the diameter d of that part of the ceramic component to be attached to the flange by shrink-fit locking, by preparing the cylindrical surface of the said part of the ceramic component with a surface roughness Ra of 0.05-0.2 .mu.m and the surface of the bore in the flange with a roughness Ra of 0.4-0.8 .rho.m, and by heating the flange, before fitting it to the ceramic part, to a temperature such that, after fitting together the ceramic component and the flange, the resultant stresses produced on cooling the assembly to room temperature are below the yield strength R.sub.po.

Abstract: A process for scrubbing exhaust gases from diesel engines using filter cartridges of open pore ceramic foam are such that the filter cartridges are situated in the exhaust gas stream such that the exhaust gases strike the filter cartridge end and flow through it parallel to its central axis. As a result the amount of soot deposited is greatest in the part of the cartridge first meeting the inflowing exhaust gases, and decreases rapidly with increasing throughput; consequently the low efficiency part contributes greatly to the undesired backpressure. The proposed process, in which the exhaust gases flow through the most efficient part of the filter cartridge made of open pore ceramic foam, is such that the exhaust gases flow essentially transverse to the longitudinal axis and thus does not exhibit these disadvantages.

Abstract: Filter medium in the form of a stable porous body of granules of spherical form bonded together by a different phase or by sintering. Preferably hollow spherical granules of corundum are manufactured into filter media in plate form. The filter media are employed for filtration of molten metal preferably aluminum.

Abstract: Ceramic, porous filter body in the designed to overcome the lack of high temperature resistant thermoshock resistant and mechanical stable bodies for the filtration of metals, preferentially of iron and ferrous alloys. This filter body has a temperature resistance of 1600.degree. C., a linear thermal coefficient of expansion of 3-7.times.10.sup.-6 /.degree.C. and consists of hollow spheres based on minimum one homogeneous distributed refractory material and another refractory material, which at high temperature by chemical reaction forms with the hollow spheres a solid refractory binding phase. A process for the production of such a filter body is described such, that the spheres of the refractory materials are mixed with a powderous binding phase, then formed to a porous body and then, by retention of the porous homogeneous structure under formation of new refractory compositions by heat treatment are chemically reacted, at least in the contact areas of the spheres.

Abstract: A nozzle which can be used repeatedly for the supply of liquid metal is made up of individual, hollow, refractory sections fitted together side by side in a metal frame. The hollow elements of the nozzle may feature, in addition to at least one longitudinal channel for the supply of liquid metal, channels to accommodate heating elements also running in the longitudinal direction.

Abstract: Filter medium in the form of a stable body made of ceramic material and employed for filtering molten metals. The filter medium is made up of at least two effective filter layers such that a relatively thick layer of large pore diameter lies on a relatively thin layer of small pore diameter. This arrangement aims at attaining the maximum possible wetting of the interior of the filter medium.

Abstract: A nozzle which can be used repeatedly for the supply of liquid metal is made up of individual, hollow, refractory sections fitted together side by side in a metal frame. The hollow elements of the nozzle may feature, in addition to at least one longitudinal channel for the supply of liquid metal, channels to accommodate heating elements also running in the longitudinal direction.

Abstract: A nozzle which can be used repeatedly for the supply of liquid metal is made up of individual, hollow, refractory sections fitted together side by side in a metal frame. The hollow elements of the nozzle may feature, in addition to at least one longitudinal channel for the supply of liquid metal, channels to accommodate heating elements also running in the longitudinal direction.

Abstract: A polishing foil or plate is made up of a metallic base provided with a non-metallic layer which covers the polishing surface, acts as a polishing substrate and is intimately bonded to the metallic base. Used together with polishing substances, the polishing foil or plate prepares material such as metals, minerals and ceramics for microscopic examination and does so employing the minimum of polishing substance and with the minimum of rounding at the edge of the samples.

Abstract: A conductor rail includes a load-bearing body of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, and a layer of steel metallically united to the body on the part of the rail to which electrical contact is to be made during use thereof, the steel layer conductively contacting the body.

Abstract: A method of applying to an anode for use in fusion electrolysis a coating for protection of the anode against surrounding influences, comprising delivering the material of the coating in finely dispersed form onto the anode with sufficient heat content and impact energy to cause adhesion between the material and the surface of the anode and consolidation of the material. Preferably the material is applied by means of a plasma burner and, for an anode to be used for the electrolytic production of aluminium, includes aluminium oxide and facultatively aluminium, the thickness of the coating beeing about 0.1 to 1.0 mm.