Abstract: A delay measurement method of a path (P) or path segment through a transport network and a corresponding network nodes (NE1, NE2) for performing the delay measurement are described, which provide a higher precision and lower jitter. An originating network node (NE1) inserts a delay measurement request signal (REQ) into an overhead subfield of a first data unit and transmits the first data unit over the path (P) or path segment to a far-end network node (NE2) as part of framed transport signals. The far-end network node (NE2), upon detection of the delay measurement request (REQ), inserts a delay measurement reply signal (REP) into on overhead subfield of a second data unit and transmits the second data unit back to the originating network node (NE1) using framed transport signals in reverse direction. The originating network node (NE1) determines a time difference between insertion of the delay measurement request signal (REQ) and receipt of the delay measurement reply signal (REP).

Abstract: Memory requirements and processing delays associated with the application of forward error correction in high speed optical transmissions are substantially reduced by mapping a forward error correction code on a row-by-row basis into unused overhead bytes in a high bit rate signal frame. By applying the forward error correction code to an entire row of the signal frame on a row by row basis, approximately one row needs to be stored at a time thereby reducing the total memory requirements for forward error correction processing. Using SONET as an exemplary application, approximately {fraction (1/9)}th of the entire SONET frame (e.g., one of nine rows) needs to be buffered for forward error correction processing. In an illustrative embodiment, four forward error correction (FEC) blocks are provided for each row for a total of 36 FEC blocks for a frame. Each FEC block comprises four bytes of correction bits for a total of 32 correction bits.

Abstract: A gravure paper and a method of manufacturing gravure paper having a maximal roughness depth of approximately 1.40 &mgr;m. The method utilizes a paper machine including a forming system, a first press section, and a drying section, and includes producing a stock suspension including a stock having a freeness of greater than or equal to approximately 50 ml CSF, forming an unfinished fibrous material web from the stock suspension, and applying at least one of a pigment and a filler slurry to the unfinished fibrous material web between a beginning of the forming system and a position at which the dry matter content of the unfinished fibrous material web is approximately ≦90%.

Abstract: The invention provides a method and a data transmission network for indicating the occurrence of an error to a downstream user network facility (NNE) in data transmission systems of the communications technology even in the case of signals having unknown frame formats which are to be transmitted, wherein, by responding to a detected error state, an error signal having a pattern sequence which deviates from pattern sequences used for user and/or control data transmission in standardized formats, is generated and supplied to the user network facility (NNE).

Abstract: A material web to be dried runs across a first drying cylinder onto which it is forced by a concurrently running continuous drying wire. Thereafter, the web and the drying wire proceed jointly from the first drying cylinder to a suction guide roll. From the latter, at least the drying wire returns to another drying cylinder. This path of the drying wire defines a wire space S. Blown into this wire space, for instance by means of a blow pipe, is drying air at uniform distribution across the machine width and sucked out again by the suction guide roll. This suction air is blown at the material web by means of a circulation air fan, at the circumference of the suction guide roll, and is sucked away again from there by means of an exhaust air fan.

Abstract: A guide roll for a porous belt, for instance for the drying wire of a paper machine, is described. A perforated roll shell rotates about a stationary air guide box. The guide box has two air chambers which extend across the length of the guide roll. One air chamber serves the discharge of blowing air and the other air chamber serves the intake and removal of suction air. Contained between the air guide box and the roll shell is an annular space in which a blowing zone and a suction zone are defined by longitudinal seals. Considering that blowing air and suction air may have different temperatures, the two air chambers of the air guide box are movable axially relative to each other.